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Fascism For Dummies By E.McEwan > The Structure Of The Corporate State > Flashcards

The Structure Of The Corporate State Flashcards

1
Q

What was the corporate state to be based on? But

A

A complex network of syndicates- organisations run by employers and workers at local, provincial and national level

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2
Q

Who was supposedly at the top, controlling the network?

A

The national council of corporations

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3
Q

Who was really making the key policy decisions?

A

State agencies presided over by the Minister of Corporations this

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4
Q

What did BM have to do to make this system work?

A

1) had to win over the support of the capitalist industrialists
2) bring the TUs into line so that they were under Fascist control

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5
Q

What was agreed in 1923?

A

Palazzo Chigi Pact

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6
Q

What was the 1923 Palazzo Chigi Pact?

A

Agreement between the Confidustria (the employers’ Confederation of Industry) and the Confederation of Fascist Corporations that represented the workers

It was a declaration of intent

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7
Q

When was the Palazzo Vidoni Pact?

A

1925

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8
Q

What was the 1925 Palazzo Vidoni Pact?

A
  • Confidustria agreed to deal only with Rossoni’s F TUs.
  • A great victory for industrialists
  • deprived the socialist and catholic TUs (CGL and CIL) of their negotiating powers and thus made them obsolete.
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9
Q

Why did the Palazzo Vidoni Pact favour employers?

A

Neutered TUs power.

In future, industrial bargaining would be carried out, on the one side, by negotiators chosen by the employers, and on the other, by officials of the Fascist Labour Corporations.

Denied workers representation by freely elected shop stewards who had proven fierce and determined in their defence of WC interests.

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10
Q

When was the Rocco Law passed?

A

1926

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11
Q

What was the 1926 Rocco Law?

A
  • confirmed position of F syndicates
  • prohibited strikes and lockouts
  • mixed Corporations could be set up (but weren’t until 1934)
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12
Q

What problem did the 1926 Rocco Law create?

A

The International labour organisation, an agency of the LoN, was pledged to respecting the rights of “freedom of association”.

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13
Q

How did BM get around the problem created by the 1926 Rocco Law?

A

By allowing employers and employees who did not wish to join the Fascist Corporations to form their own unions.

He then used the squadristi to hound them out of existence.

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14
Q

When was the Ministry of Corporations established?

A

1926

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15
Q

What was the Ministry of Corporations?

A
  • to organise conciliation of disputes
  • had the power to draw up contracts, fix wages.
  • intended as central controlling and coordinating body, but was obstructed by the Economics Ministry
  • BM was Minister, then 1929-32
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16
Q

When was the charter of labour?

A

1927

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17
Q

What did the 1927 charter of labour begin with?

A

-began with a reaffirmation of the supremacy of the State over the individual

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18
Q

Chamber of Labour, 1927:

A
  • claimed as the MAGNA CARTA of the F revolution, and the “greatest document in the whole of history”.
  • work was seen as a social duty
  • emphasised its support for the capitalist system- preferred private enterprise
  • assumed mixed Corporations would organise production (although they did not yet exist)
  • general indication of intent, not legally binding
19
Q

What did the 1927 Charter of Labour offer workers to counter image of exploited workers?

A

Workers’ rights were proclaimed in employment, social insurance and welfare

20
Q

When was the National Council of Corporations established?

A

March 1930

21
Q

What was the National Council of Corporations?

A
  • set up to be responsible for policy decisions and give advice in economic matters
  • not properly representative, e.g. a philosopher represented grain growers; a professor, textiles.
  • consultative role, discussing matters actually decided elsewhere; just a facade
  • did not meet after 1937
22
Q

Did the corporate state system protect Italy from the Great Depression?

A

No

23
Q

When was the law on the formation and function of Corporations?

A

1934

24
Q

What was The Law on the Formation and Functions of Corporations?

A
  • a means of bringing together the political and economic aspects of his regime.
  • a new system based on 22 Corporations
  • aim: to prepare for war and colonial expansion
  • these 22 issued regulations in their areas, e.g. fix prices, but in reality they did LITTLE
  • “stillborn”, as employers were suspicious
  • Decisions had to be approved and issued by BM
25
Q

When was Parlt replaced by Chamber of Fasces and Corporations?

A

1939

26
Q

What was the significance of parlt being replaced by Chamber of Fasces and Corporations in 1939?

A
  • sealed the coffin belonging to Italian dem.
  • CoD abolished
  • the new chamber was to consist of members of the National Council of the PNF.
  • in practice, this just meant 1 powerless body was replaced by another
27
Q

What was parlt replaced with in 1939?

A

The chamber of fasces and Corporations

28
Q

What have historians described the Corporate State as?

A
  • ”an elaborate façade behind which corruption and exploitation flourished”.
  • ”a sham aimed at suppressing the workers”.
  • ”totally irrelevant”
29
Q

Success of Corporate state?

A

It did achieve BM’s aims of strengthening his own dictatorship and ensuring that industrialists held the whip over many of their employees.

30
Q

What is the view of historian Roger Absalom?

A

•”The Corporations were riddled with careerists and hangers-on”

31
Q

Number of days lost to industrial disputes:

(I) 1920

(II) 1924

A

1920- 30.5M

1924- 0

32
Q

When and why were Rossoni’s dreams of a powerful syndicate organisation?

A

1928, when his Confederation was split up

33
Q

Fascist syndicates proved unable to…

A

…protect workers from powerful employers and the state.

34
Q

Why did BM replace parlt with chamber of fasces and commerce in 1939?

A

It was a new chamber of reps of all aspects of the economy- so the corporative approach finally covered the political as well as economic organisation of Italy.

35
Q

What has it been argued about BM?

A

That he never really took it seriously, except for propaganda reasons

36
Q

Who was BM concerned not to alienate?

And what effect did that have?

A

The elite

So the CS became little more than an instrument for exploitation in the workplace and a powerless sham as a national structure.

37
Q

What did BM significantly fail to launch?

A

A battle for Corporations

The slow and lethargic way in which the system was implemented reflected his caution

38
Q

Mussolini: the claims

A
  • third way, new synthesis
  • reconcile conflicting interests
  • unite all to produce for nation
39
Q

A critical historian: the reality

A
  • elaborate facade
  • exploitation of workers
  • vast bureaucracy, often duplicating govt agencies
  • grave burden on national economy
40
Q

What were the 2 key weaknesses of the CS system?

A

1) representation within corporations was UNBALANCED:
•Employers represented themselves

•workers represented by PNF

2) Powers SUBORDINATE to BM: the Corporations just discusses issues while BM made the real decisions

41
Q

Weakness of CS system: vast bureaucracy

A

It was a massive bureaucracy in which representation favoured the employers so that any idea of equality was only an illusion

42
Q

Weakness of CS: corrupt officials

A

The officials of the Corporations were often inefficient and corrupt.

Much of the money intended for economic development found the way into private hands.

43
Q

What was it a convoluted way of ensuring?

A

The dominance of employers who were “grateful for the forcible submission of labour” and that the capitalist system survived much as before.

44
Q

What did Denis Mack Smith write about the CS?

A

In practice it was “little more than an unrealised idea”. You

Fascism For Dummies By E.McEwan (35 decks)

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