The spine general information Flashcards
Number of true vertebrae
- 7C, 12T, 5L
Number of false vertebrae
- 5 fused S, 4 fused Co
How many intervertebral discs are there and where do they start and end?
- start between C2-C3 end between L5-S1
How many spinal nerves
31 pairs. 8C, 12T, 5L, 5S, 1Co
what is the function of the spine
protection, stabilization, support and weight bearing, motion, resiliency- shock absorption
Kyphosis curves on the spine
thoracic, sacral
lordotic curves of the spine
cervical, lumbar
what is the thickness of cervical vertebral bodies?
bodies are of equal height Ant to post
what is the thickness of the thoracic vertebra
bodies are thicker post that ant
what is the thickness of the lumbar vertebra
L1 higher post
L2 equal
L3-L5 higher ant
what is the thickness of the Intervertebral discs
Cervical – Thicker Ant
Thoracic – Equal thick
Lumber – Thicker Ant
Joint types of spine
Zygapophyseal, fibrocartilaginous
What planes are the articular surfaces of the lumbar and lumbosacral orientated
lumbar – sagittal
lumbosacral – 45*
AROM in the spine
Flexion – 90
Extension – 30
Lateral Flexion – 30
Rotation – 30
resting and closed packed position
resting – mid way between flexion and extension
closed – full extension
coupled motions of the spine
C3-T5 ipsilateral (L. lateral flexion + L. rotation)
T6-L5 contralateral ( R. lateral flex + L. rotation)
Abnormal end feels of the spine
Early myospasm - muscle/ ligament tear
Later myospasm - instability
Empty - ligament rupture
Hard - boney approximation
Vertebral loads. lying face up
40% based on 100 being 70Kg
vertebral loads, standing straight
100% based on 100 being 70Kg
vertebral loads, sitting with good posture
140% based on 100 being 70Kg
vertebral loads, standing w/ 20* flexion
150% based on 100 being 70Kg
vertebral loads, sitting with poor posture
185% based on 100 being 70Kg
vertebral loads, lifting 20KG with good posture
300% based on 100 being 70Kg
vertebral loads, lifting 20KG with poor posture
485% based on 100 being 70Kg
Normal end feels for the spine
all ROM end feels for spine are tissue stretch
coupled motions of the Lumbosacral
L/S flexion is coupled w/sacral counter nutation (posterior sacral tilting/ extension)
L/S extension is coupled with sacral nutation (anterior sacral tilting/ “nod”)
when does the adult spinal cord end and what is it called
L1 - L2, Cauda Equina
what is another name for the kyphotic curve
Primary or accommodating
what is another name for the lordotic curves of the spine
secondary or compensatory
what are the 5 lumbar ligaments of the spine
Anterior longitudinal ligament posterior longitudinal lig supraspinous lig interspinous lig ligamentum flavum
