Muscles of the Head and Face

Question 1

Answer 1

occipitofrontalis

Occipito

• O: lateral 2/3 of superior nuchal line, EOP and mastoid process (temporal bone)
• I: Galea Aponeurotica
• A: pulls the back of scalp to raise eyebrows
• N: Facial nerve (CN VII) posterior auricular branch

Frontalis

• O: Galea aponeurotica
• I: skin and fascia above nose and eyes
• A: pulls scalp posteriorly to raise eyebrows
• N: facial nerve (CN VII) temporal branch

Question 2

Answer 2

temporoparietalis

• O: temporal fascia superior and anterior to ear
• I: lateral border of galea aponeurotica
• A: elevation of ear, stabilizies galea
• N: facial nerve temporal branch

Question 3

Answer 3

Auricularis

• O: Anterior = galea aponeurotica
  
  • Supierior = galea aponeurotica
  • postierior = temporal bone
• I: Anterior = anterior ear
  
  • Superior = superior ear
  • Posterior = posterior ear
• A: Anterior = pulls ear anterior (forward)
  
  • superior = elevates ear
  • posterior = pulls ear posterior (backwards)
• N: facial nerve

Question 4

Answer 4

Orbicularis Oculi

• O: Orbital portion = maxillary process of frontal bone and frontal process of maxilla
  
  • palpebral portion = palpebral ligament
  • lacrimal portion = lacrimal crest of the lacrimal bone
• I: cicumferentially around the orbit meet at the origin
• A: closes the eye tightly, squinting, depresses upper lid, elevates lower lid
• N: facial nerve (CN VII) temporal and zygomatic branch

Question 5

Answer 5

Corregator supercilii

• O: frontal bone just above the medial eye - lateral to glabella
• I: skin of middle portion of eyebrows
• A: pulls eyebrow downward and medially, with vertical wrinkles in the forehead “thinkers brow”
• N: facial nerve (CN VII) zygomatic branch

Question 6

Answer 6

Procerus

• O: fascia covering the lower part of the nasal bone and the upper part of the lateral nasal cartilage
• I: skin and fasica between eyebrows
• A: pulls inner angle of the eyebrows downward and produces transverse wrinkles over the bridge of the nose. “the look of disgust”
• N: facial nerve (CN VII) superior bruccal branches

Question 7

Answer 7

Levator Palpebrae Superioris

• O: inner surface of the lesser wing of the sphenoid
• I: upper eyelid (faschia and skin)
• A: raises upper eyelids
• N: oculomotor nerve (CN III)

Question 8

Answer 8

Nasalis

• O: transverse part (superior) = maxilla, lateral to nose
  
  • Alar part (inferior) = maxilla, superior to the canine aleolar process
• I: transverse part = opposite side nasalis over the upper cartilage of nose
  
  • alar part = alar cartilage of nose (nasal wing)
• A: flares nostrils
• N: facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 9

Answer 9

depressor septinasi

• O: incisive fossa of maxilla
• I: septum and alar cartilage of the nose
• A: constricts nostrils
• N: facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 10

Answer 10

Levator labii superoiris alaeque nasi

• O: frontal process of the maxilla
• I: lateral slip - upper lip muscles. medial slip - alar cartilage of the nose
• A: raises & protrudes the upper lip, flares nostrils
• N: facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 11

Answer 11

Levator Labii superioris

• O: medial inferior orbital margin of maxilla
• I: upper lip muscles
• A: elevation and eversion for the upper lip
• N: facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 12

Answer 12

zygomaticus minor

• O: zygomatic bone (maxillary process)
• I: skin, muscles and fascia of upper lip (orbicularis oris)
• A: elevation & eversion of the upper lip
• N: facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 13

Answer 13

Zygomaticus Major

• O: zygomatic bone (temporal process of the zygomatic bone)
• I: angles of mouth (modiolus)
• A: elevation of the angle of the mouth (smiling) pulls angle of the mouth laterally
• N: facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 14

Answer 14

Levator Anguli Oris

• O: below infraorbital foramen of the maxilla
• I: modiolus (near angle of the mouth)
• A: elevates the angle of the mouth
• :N facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 15

Answer 15

Risorius

• O: parotid fascia [(salivary glands) over the masseter]
• I: modiolus
• A: pulls the angle of the mouth lateraly
• N: facial Nerve (CN VII)

Question 16

Answer 16

Buccinator

• O: maxilla and mandible ( posterior alveolar processes) and pterygomandibular raphe/ ligament
• I: lateral angle of the mouth (modiolus)
• A: compression of cheek against teeth
• N: facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 17

Answer 17

Orbicularis Oris

• O: modiolus
• I: circumferentially around the mouth blending with other muscles
• A: closes lips & protrudes them forward
• N: facial nerve: (CN VII)

Question 18

Answer 18

Depressor Labii Inferioris

• O: madible (between symphysis & mental foramen)
• I: skin & fascia of lower lip
• A: draws the lower lip downward & laterally, eversion of the lower lip
• N: facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 19

Answer 19

Depressor Anguli Oris

• O: oblique line of the mandible (lateral aspect of mental tubercle of mandible)
• I: modiolus ( near the angle of the mouth)
• A: depresses the angle of the mouth
• N: facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 20

Answer 20

Mentalis

• O: incisive fossa of the mandible
• I: skin & fascia of the chin
• A: elevation & eversion of the lower lip & wrinkles skin of chin, as in pouting
• N: facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 21

Answer 21

Platysma

• O: subcutaneous fascia (deltopectoral region below clavicle)
• I: mandible & subcutaneous fascia of lower face
• A: tenses the skin over the lower neck (creates ridge in skin depresses mandible and lower lip
• N: facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 22

Answer 22

Temporalis

• O: temporal fossa (temporal, shenoid & frontal bone lateral aspects)
• I: coronoid process & ramus of the mandible (open the jaw to palpate)
• A: closes the jaw (elevation & retraction of the mandible) posterior fibers
• N: Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Question 23

Answer 23

Masseter

• O: Superficial part = zygomatic process (maxilla) & inferior border of the zygomatic arch;
  
  • profundus (deep) part = posterior 1/3 of inferior border & medial surface of the zygomatic arch
• I: Superficial part = angle & ramus of the mandible;
  
  • Deep part = superior 1/2 of ramus & coronoid process of the mandible
• A: elevation of the mandibe (clench teeth)
  
  • protraction of mandible (anterior fibres)
  • retraction of mandible (posterior fibres)
• N: Trigeminal nerve ( CN V)

Question 24

Answer 24

Lateral pterygoid

• O: Superior head = greater wing of the sphenoid
  
  • Inferior head = lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate (sphenoid bone)
• I: Superior Head = capsule/ articular disc of TMJ
  
  • Inferior head = neck of mandibular condyle
• A: opens the jaw (protraction and depression of the mandible) & lateral deviation of mandible to side opposite of contraction (during chewing)
• N: Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Question 25

Answer 25

Medial Pterygoid * O: medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate (sphenoid bone), palatine bone & pterygoid fossa * I: inner surface of the mandibluar ramus and angle of the mandible * A: closes the jaw (elevation); ipsilateral deviation (ie deviates to the side of the contraction), protractin * N: Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Question 26

Answer 26

Mylohyoid * O: inner surface of manbidle (mylohyoid line) * I: body of hyoid (anterior surface) along midline at mylohyoid raphe * A:elevation of hyoid bone (raises floor of mouth for swallong) depression of mandible when hyoid if fixed * N: trigeminal nerve ( CN V - mandibular division, V3) *No muscle test*

Question 27

Answer 27

Digastric * O: _Posterior Belly:_ mastoid notch of temporal bone * _Anterior belly:_ digastric fossa of internal mandible * I: body og hyoid (both bellies attach by a pulley tendon) * A: elevation of the hyoid bone; depression of mandible (open mouth); stabilize hyoid bone for infrahyoid action * N: _Posterior Belly:_ facial nerve (CN VIII) * _Anterior Belly:_ trigeminal nerve (CN V) *No muscle test*

Question 28

Answer 28

Geniohyoid * O: inner surface of mandible (mental spines) * I: body of hyoid (paired muscles separated by septum) * A: elevation of hyoid bone; depression of mandible (works with mylohyoid) * N: hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) *No muscle test*

Question 29

Answer 29

Stylohiod * O: styloid process of temporal bone * I: lateral margin of hyoid body (base of greater horn) * A: elevation of hyoid (during swallowing) stabilizes hyoid bone for infrahyoid action * N: Facial Nerve (CN VII) *No muscle test*

Question 30

Answer 30

Thyrohyoid * O: thyroid cartilage (oblique line) * I: body of hyoid bone * A: depression of hyoid bone; elevation of thyroid cartilage (Larynx) * N: C1 spinal nerve (via CN XII) *No muscle test*

Question 31

Answer 31

Omohyoid * O: _Superior Belly:_ hyoid bone (lateral to sternohyoid) * _Inferior Belly:_ superior scapular border (medial to suprascapular notch) * I: clavical (both bellies meet & are held loosely to the clavical by a pulley tendon * A: depression of hyoid bone and larynx (acts eccentrically with suprahyoid muscles to provide them a stable base) * N: Ansa Cervicalis (C1, C2, C3) *No Muscle test*

Question 32

Answer 32

Sternohyoid * O: Manubrium & sternoclavicular joint (posterior aspect of both) * I: body of hyoid bone * A: depression of hyoid & larynx; acts eccentrically with suprahyoid muscles to provide them a stable base * N: Ansa cervicalis (C1, C2, C3) *No Muscle test*

Question 33

Answer 33

Sternothyroid * O: manubrium of sternum (posterior aspect) * I: thyroid cartilage (oblique line) * A: depression of thyroid cartilage; acts eccentrically with the suprahyoid muscles to provide them a stable base * N: Ansa cervicalis (C1, C2, C3) *No muscle test*