Princibles of TX Flashcards
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Trapezius
- O: Upper: EOP, medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line, nuchal ligament
- Middle: spinous process of C7 - T5
- Lower: SPs T5 - T12
- I: lateral 1/3 of the clavical, acromion process & spine of the scapula
- A:Elevation & retraction (adduction) of scapula, upward rotation of scapula;
- unilateral lateral flexion of head
- bilateral extention of head
Stabilization of scapula for arm movements
- Spinal Accessory (CN XI) Ventral rami of C2- C4
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Levator Scapulae
- O: TP’s of C1 - C4
- I: medial border of the scapula (superior part)
- A: elevation of scapula; extension & lateral flexion of neck
- N: Dorsal scapular nerve (C3, C4, C5)
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Sternocleidomastoid
- O: Sternal head: manubrium of sternum
- Clavicular head: medial 1/3 of clavicle
- I: mastoid process of temporal bone
- A: rotation of head to contralateral side, lateral flexion to ipsilateral side
- Bilateral action: neck flexion & capital (C0-C1) extension
- N: Motor: spinal accessory nerve (CN IX)
- Sensory: ventral rami of C2, C3
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Latissimus Dorsi
- O: SP’s T7 L5; thoracolumbar fascia, illiac crest, posterior sacrum; ribs 9-12; inferior angle of scapula
- I: Medial lip of bicipital groove of humerous
- A: adduction, medial rotation & extension of shoulder; anertior pelvic tilt; downward rotation of scapula
- N: thoracodorsal nerve (C6,C7,C8)
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Deltoid
- O: Lateral 1/3 of clav, acromion process & spine of scap
- I: deltoid tuberocity of humerus
- A: Abduction of shoulder( middle fibers)
- flexion, horizontal adduction & medial rotation of shoulder (anterior fibers)
- extension, horizontal abduction & lateral rotation of shoulder (posterior fibers)
- N: axillary nerve (C5, C6)
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Supraspinatus
- O: medial 2/3 of the supraspinatus fossa of scap
- I: superior faccet of the greater tubricle of humerous
- A: abduction of shoulder, stabilizes GH joint
- N: suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)
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Infraspinatus
- O: medial 2/3 of the infraspinatus fossa & inferior portion of spine of scap
- I: middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus & shoulder joint capsule
- A: lateral rotation of shoulder, stabilizes GH joint
- N: suprascapular nerve C5, C6
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Teres Minor
- O: superior lateral border of scap
- I: inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus & shoulder joint capsule
- A: lateral rotaion of shoulder, stabilizes GH joint, adduction of shoulder (weak action)
- N: axillary nerve C5, C6
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subscapularis
- O: subscapular fossa of scap
- I: lesser tubercle of humerus & shoulder joint capsule
- A: medial rotation of joint & stabilizes GH joint
- N: upper and lower subscapular nerves C5, C6
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Teres Major
- O: dorsal surfaces of the inferior angle and lower 1/3 of the lateral border of the scapula
- I: medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus (just medial to insertion of latissimus dorsi)
- A: medial rotation, adduction, extension of the shoulder from a flexed position, upward scapular rotaion (closed chain action)
- N: lower subscapular nerve C5, C6, C7
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Pectoralis Major
- O: Clavicular fibers - medial 1/2 of the clavicle
- sternal fibers - anterior surface of sternum
- costal fibers - costal cartilage of ribs 1-6
- I: crest of the greater tubercle of humerus (lateral lip of bicipital groove)
- A: adduction and medial rotation of shoulder; horizantal adduction of shoulder, flexion of shoulder (clavicular portion)
- N: medial and lateral pectoral nerve C8, T1
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Pectoralis Minor
- O: superior margins of ribs 3-5 (anterior lateral portion), facia over corresponding intercostal muscles
- I: coracoid process of scapula (medial aspect)
- A: stabilizes scapula for arm movements; depresses and downwardly rotates scapula; assits in scapular protraction from retracted position; elevates ribs 3-5 (forced expiration)
- N: medial pectoral nerve C8, T1
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Rhomboid Major
- SP’s T2-T5, supraspinous ligament
- I: medial border of scapula ( scapular spine to inferior angle)
- A: retraction of scapula; elevation & downward rotation of scap
- N: dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5)
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Rhomboid minor
- O: SP’s C7/T1, supraspinatus ligament
- I: medial border at root of spine of the scapula
- A: retraction of scapula, elevation& downward rotation of scap
- N: dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5)
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Biceps Brachii
- O: Long head = supraglenoid tubercle & glenohumeral labrum
- Short Head = coracoid process of scapula
- I: radial tuberosity & bicipital aponeurosis
- A: Flexion & supination of elbow; flexion of shoulder; stabilization of anterior aspect of shoulder; abduction of shoulder (long head); adduction of shoulder (short head)
- N: musculocutaneus nerve C5, C6
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Coracobrachilais
- O: apex of coracoid process of scapula
- I: medial shaft of humerus (middle 1/3)
- A: flexion and adduction of shoulder; horizotal adduction of shoulder
- N: musculocutaneus nerve C5, C6, C7
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Brachialis
- O: anterior distal 1/2 of humerus
- I: ulnar tuberosity & coronoid process of ulna
- A: flexion of elbow (initiation)
- N: musculocutaneus nerve & small branch from radial nerve C5, C6, C7
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Triceps Brachii
- O: Long head: infraglenoid tubercle & neck of scapula
- Lateral head: upper half of posterior surface of shaft of humerus (above radial groove)
- medial head: posterior shaft of humerus (below radial groove)
- I: olecranon process of ulna
- A: extension of elbow (prime mover); adduction & exension of shoulder (long head only)
- N: radial nerve C6, C7, C8; axillary nerve (long head)
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Brachioradialis
- O: lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
- I: lateral side of the base of the styloid process of radius
- A: flexion of elbow; pronation of forearm when supinated; supination of forearm when pronated
- N: radial nerve C5, C6
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extensor carpi radialis longus
- O: distal 1/3 of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus (below brachioradialis)
- I: dorsal surface of base of the 2nd metacarpal bone, radial side
- A: extension of wrist, radial deviation, flexion & supination of elbow(weak action)
- N: radial nerve C5, C6
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extensor carpi radialis brevis
- O: common extensor tendon from LEoH
- I: dorsal surface of the base of 3rd metacarpal bone
- A: extension of wrist, radial deviation, flexion of elbow joint(weak action)
- N: radial nerve C7, C8
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extensor carpi ulnaris
- O: Humeral head: LEoH via CET
- Ulnar head: posterior shaft of ulna
- I: base of ulnar side 5th metacarpal
- A: ulnar deviation, extension of wrist, extension of elbow(W/A)
- N: radial nerve C6, C7, C8
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Quadratus Lumborum
- O: inferior border 12 rib & TP of L1-L4
- I: posterior iliac crest & iliolumbar ligament
- A: Unliateral: elevation of pelivs, lateral flexion of trunk, dpression of 12 rib; Bilateral: extension of lumbosacral spine
- N: Lumbar plexus T12-L3
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Psoas Major
* O: TP's L1- L5, Vertebral bodies of T12-L5 & corresponding intervertebral discs
* I: lesser Trochanter of Femur
* A: Flexion & lateral rotation of the hip; Flexion & lateral flexion of spinal joints; anterior pelvic tilt
* N: Lumbar plexus Ventral Rami (L1-L3)
Psoas Minor
* O: sides of vertebral bodies T12 & L1, and corresbonding IVD
* I: Pectineal line of pubis
* A: weakly assists in flexion of the trunk or posterior pelvic tilt
* N: lumber plexus L1 - L2
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Gluteus Maximus
* O: Posterior iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx and the sacrotuberous ligament
* I: iliotibial band & gluteal tuberosity of the femur
* A: extend & laterally rotate the hip joint; lower fibers assist in adduction; upper fibers assist in abduction
* N: inferior gluteal nerve L5, S1, S2
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Gluteus Minimus
* O: outer surface of the ilium, b/w anterior and inferior gluteal lines
* I: greater trochanter of the femur
* A: abduction of the hip. anterior fibers: medially rotates and may assist in flexion of the hip joint. assists in pelvic stabilization during gait
* N: superior gluteal nerve L4 - S1
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Piriformis
* O: anterior sacrum, & the sacrotuberous ligament
* I: greater trochanter of the femur (superiomedial surface)
* A: lateral rotaion & horizantal abduction of hip; abduction of hip when thigh is flexed
* N: nerve to piriformis L5 -S2
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Adductor Brevis
* O: body and inferior ramus of the pubis
* I: proximal 1/3 of the medial lip of the linea aspera
* A: adduction and flexion of the hip joint, lateral rotation of thigh
* N: obturator nerve L2-L4
Adductor Longus
* O: anterior surface of the pubis (inferior to pubic tubercle)
* I: middle 1/3 of the medial lip of linea aspera
* A: adduction and flexion of hip joint, lateral rotation of thigh
* N: obturator nerve L2-L4
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Adductor magnus
* O: **_Anterior head:_** Ischiopubic ramus
* **_Posterior head:_** ischial tuberosity
* I: **_Anterior head:_** linea aspera (gluteal tuberosity and medial supracondylar line)
* **_Posterior head:_** Adductor tubercle of the femur (above the medial epicondyle)
* A: adduction and extension of hip (anterior head will laterally rotate thigh)
* N: Obturator nerve L2-L4 (anterior head) and Sciatic tibial division L4,L5 (posterior head)
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Tibialis Anterior
* O: anterior proximal tibia, crural fascia (lateral tibial condyle and proximal 2/3 of the anterolateral surface of tibia, interosseous membrane)
* I: medial cuneiform bone, bas of the first metatarsal bone (medial plantar surfaces)
* A: dorsiflexes the ankle joint, and inversion of the ankle
* N: Deep peroneal (fibular) nerve L4-S1
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Rectus Femoris
* O: ***Anterior (straight) head:*** from anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)
* ***Posterior (reflected) head:*** from groove above rim of acetabulum
* I: tibial tuberosity (**via common quadriceps tendon** and patellar ligament) or the base of patella
* A: extension of knee and hip flexion
* N: femoral nerve L2- L4
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Vastus Intermedius
* O: anterior and lateral surfaces of the body of femur
* I: tibial tuberosity ( via common quadriceps tendon) or base of patella
* A: knee extension
* N: femoral nerve L2 - L4
