Knee Kinematics

Question 1

what joint type in the knee

Answer 1

modified Hinge (tibiofemoral) 
Gliding (patellofemoral and prox tibiofibular)

Question 2

what are the articular surfaces of the knee

Answer 2

Concave (tibial plateau) on Convex (femoral condyles)

Question 3

what is the AROM

Answer 3

Flexion = 150
extension = 0 to -5
internal rotation = 5
external rotation = 5

Question 4

resting position of the knee is

Answer 4

tibiofemoral 25* flexion

Patellofemoral full extension

Question 5

closed packed position is

Answer 5

tibiofemoral: full extension and external (tibial) rotation
patellofemoral: full flexion

Question 6

what is the capsular pattern of restriction

Answer 6

tibiofemoral: flexion > extension

Question 7

what are the normal end feels of the knee

Answer 7

flexion: soft tissue or bony approximation
extension: elastic or firm

Question 8

what are the abnormal end feels of the knee

Answer 8

Boggy: joint effusion; ligaments pathology

Springy block: loose body (displaced meniscus)

Question 9

Open kinetic Chain movements of the knee

Answer 9

flexion: tibia rolls and glides posterior on femur
extension: tibia rolls and glides anterior on femur

Question 10

closed kinetic chain movements of the knee

Answer 10

flexion: femur rolls posteriorly and glides anteriorly on tibia
Extension: femur rolls anterior and glides posteriorly on tibia

Question 11

patellofemoral loading forces

Answer 11

Walking: o.3 x body weight
going up stairs: 2.5 x body weight
going down stairs: 3.5 x body weight
squatting: 7 x body weight

Question 12

Genu Valgum

Answer 12

Q angle >22* (women) >18* “knocked knees”

Question 13

Genu Varum

Answer 13

Q angle <0 (distal tibia points medially) “bow legs”

Question 14

Genu Recurvatum

Answer 14

hyperextension of the knee

Question 15

What is the iliotibial band and what inserts into it and what does it insert into

Answer 15

it is a thickening of Tensor fascia latae (TFL)
the Tensor fascia latae and gluteus maximus onsert into it
it inserts onto Gerdy’s tubercle of the tibia

Question 16

what are all of the posterior thigh muscles

Answer 16

Gluteus Maximus
Adductor Magnus
Hamstrings: Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris ( long head & short head)

Question 17

what are the anterior thigh muscles

Answer 17

Tensor fascia Latae,
 IT band, 
Adductors: Brevis, Longus, Gracilis, Pectineus
Sartorius 
Quadriceps: Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Intermedius, Vastus Medialis
Quadratus Lumborum
Psoas Major & Minor
Iliacus

Question 18

what are the 2 intra capsular ligaments of the knee

Answer 18

Anterior Cruciate

posterior cruciate

Question 19

what are the 2 extracapsular ligaments of the knee

Answer 19

medial collateral

lateral collateral

Question 20

what surfaces do the ACL connect, what movements does it resist and when is it taut

Answer 20

runs from the medial aspect of the lateral femoral condyle to the anterior aspect of the tibial intercondylar eminence, resists anterior translation and medial rotation of the tibial on femur. it is taut in hyperextension

Question 21

what surfaces are the PCL connected to, what movements does it resist and when is it taut

Answer 21

posterior aspect of intercondylar eminence to lateral aspect of medial condyle of femur, resists posterior translation of tibia, taut in hyperflexion

Question 22

what does the medial collateral ligament resist

Answer 22

resists valgus forces

Question 23

what does the lateral collateral ligament resist

Answer 23

resist varus forces

Question 24

the tibia has two menisci what are they named

Answer 24

lateral meniscus and medial meniscus

Question 25

the medial meniscus is connected to what 2 structures

Answer 25

medial collateral ligament, semimembranosus muscle/tendon

Question 26

the lateral meniscus is connected to what 2 structures

Answer 26

posterior cruciate ligament, popliteus muscle

Question 27

the Sciatic nerve is made up from what nerve roots

Answer 27

L4-S3 ventral rami