Muscles of the Pharynx

Question 1

Answer 1

Levator Veli Palatini

• O: apex or the inferior surface of petrous temporal bone & medial rim auditory tube
• I: palatine aponeurosis (aponeurosis = layer of flat broad tendon)
• A: elevates, retracts & laterally deviates soft palate; may open auditory tube on swallowing
• N: pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X) with motor fibres from accesory nerve ( CN XI)

the levator veli palatini is deep to the tensor LVP

Question 2

Answer 2

Musculus Uvulae

• O: posterior border of the hard palate
• I: palantine aponeurosis
• A: shapes the uvula
• N: Pharyngeal branch of Vagus nerve (CN X) + motor fibres from Accesory nerve (CN XI)

Question 3

Answer 3

Pharynx Constrictor Inferior

• O: Cricopharyngeus = lateral aspect of arch of cricoid cartilage;
  
  • Thyropharyngeaus = the oblique line of the laminar of thyroid cartilage & fibrous cricothyroid arch
• I: Cricopharyngeus = continuous with muscle of the opposite side
  
  • Thyropharyngeus = lower pharyngeal raphe
• A: aids swallowing; cricopharyngeus acts as upper esophageal sphincter
• N: pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve (CN X) with motor fibers from spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

Question 4

Answer 4

Pharynx Constictor Middle

• O: lower 1/3 of stylohyoid ligament, lesser cornu & superior border of greater cornu of hyoid bone
• I: middle portion of pharyngeal raphe
• A:aids swallowing
• N: pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X) with motor fibers form accessory nerve (CN XI)

Question 5

Answer 5

Pharynx Constrictor Superior

• O: lower 2/3 of medial pterygoid plate, pterygomandibular raphe & posterior end of mylohyoid line on mandible
• I: upper midline pheryngeal raphe & pharyngealtubercle of clivus of occiput
• A: aids in swallowing
• N: pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve (CN X) with motor nerves from accessory nerve (CN XI)

Question 6

Answer 6

Palatoglossus

• O: palatine aponeurosis
• I: posterolateral tongue
• A: elevates posterior tongue & closes oropharyngeal isthmus & aids initiation of swallowing
• N: pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve (CN X) w/ motor fibers from accessory nerve (CN XI)

forms the glossopalatine anterior arch

Question 7

Answer 7

Palatopharyngeus

• O: palatine aponeurosis & posterior margin of hard palate
• I: upper border of the thyroid cartilage & blends with contstrictor fibers
• A: elevates pharynx & larynx; passavant’s muscle closes nasopharyngeal isthmus in swallowing
• N: pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve (CN X) w/ motor fibers from accessory nerve (CN XI)

forms the palatopharyngeal arch posterior

Question 8

Answer 8

Salpingopharyngeus

• O: inferior cartilage & muscosa of pharyngeal orifice of auditory tube
• I: upper border of thyroid cartilage & inferior constrictor muscle fibers
• A: elevate pharynx & larynx & aids swallowing; opens auditory canal during swallowing
• N: pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve (CN X) w/ motor fibers from accessory nerve (CN XI)

Question 9

Answer 9

Stylopharyngeus

• O: medial aspect of styloid process
• I: posterolateral border of thyroid cartilage
• A: elevates larynx & pharynx; aids in swallowing
• N: glossopharyngeal (CN IX) the only muscle innervated by this muscle

Question 10

Answer 10

Tensor Veli Palatini

• O: scaphoid fossa & medial aspect spine of sphenoid bone
• I: palatine aponeurosis (via pulley of pterygoid hamulus
• A: tenses soft palate prior to elevation
• N: Trigeminal (CN V)

located directly superficial to levator veli palatini

Question 11

Answer 11

Geniohyoglossus

• O: superior mental spine of posterior surface of symphysis menti
• I: central mass of tongue & mucous membrane
• A: protracts tongue
• N: hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Question 12

Answer 12

Hyoglossus

• O: superior border of greater cornu of hyoid bone
• I: lateral sides of tongue
• A: depresses tongue
• N: hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Question 13

Answer 13

Intrinsic tongue muscles

• O: superior and inferior longitudinal, transverse & vertical elements
• I: mucous memebrane, septum & other muscles of tongue
• A: alters the shape of tongue & aids in mastication, speech & swallowing
• N: hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)