the skull

Question 1

unpaired bones of the skull

Answer 1

frontal
occipital
sphenoid
ethmoid
vomer
mandible

Question 2

pair

Answer 2

parietals
temporals
nasals
lacrimal
zygomatics
maxillae
inferior nasal conchae
palatine

Question 3

regions of the skull

Answer 3

1) cranial vault
2) face
3) cranial base

Question 4

cranial fossae

Answer 4

1) anterior fossa
2) middle fossa
3) posterior fossa

Question 5

endochondral ossiication

Answer 5

1) replacement of a cartilage model via bone deposition after calcified cartilage is removed

Question 6

intramembranous ossification

Answer 6

1) ossification directly within a membrane (no cartilaginous phase)

Question 7

paraxial mesoderm

Answer 7

1) somites (dermatone. myotome, sclerotome)
2) mesenchyme is mesodermal in origin

Question 8

neural crest

Answer 8

1) mesenchyme is of neural plate origin (ectomesenchyme)

Question 9

cartilaginous neurocranium (paraxial)

Answer 9

1) both a cartilaginous and membranous portion
2) cartilaginous portion is “chondrocranium”
3) includes parts of the sphenoid, ethmoid, temporal, and occipital bones

Question 10

membranous neurocranium (paraxial)

Answer 10

1) comprises the flat bones that form around the brain
2) includes the cranial vault bones, with the exception of the temporal squama

Question 11

viscerocranium

Answer 11

1) both a cartilaginous and membranous portion
2) cartilaginous viscerocranium
- from the visceral arches

Question 12

1st arch

Answer 12

1) meckel’s cartilage
2) mandible precursor
3) degenerates to form the sphenomandibular ligament and the malleus and incus

Question 13

2nd arch

Answer 13

1) reichert’s cartilage
2) forms the stapes, styloid process, and part of the hyoid

Question 14

3rd arch

Answer 14

1) forms portions of the hyoid

Question 15

4th

Answer 15

1) laryngeal arches

Question 16

membranous viscerocranium (nueral crest skull)

Answer 16

1) maxillae
2) zygomatics
3) temporal squama

Question 17

joints in the skill

Answer 17

1) synarthroses: partially moveable
2) diarthroses: freely moveable

Question 18

types of synarthroses

Answer 18

1) synchondroses
- only occur between bones derived from cartilage precursors
- all form in the cranial base
2) sutures
- occur between cranial bone of either membranous or cartilaginous origin

Question 19

TMJ

Answer 19

1) diarthrodial joints

Question 20

cranial sinuses and air cells

Answer 20

1) sinuses
- frontal
- ethmoidal
- sphenoidal
- maxillary
2) air cells
-temporal

Question 21

cranial sinuses

Answer 21

1) frontal
2) ethmoidal
3) maxillary
4) sphenoidal

Question 22

impressions of the skull bones

Answer 22

1) arteriovenous impressions
- middle meningeal artery
2) venous sinus impressions
- venous drainage from top of brain

Question 23

features of the skull bones

Answer 23

1) musculotendinous and ligamentous attachments

Question 24

types of adult skull bone

Answer 24

1) compact
2) trabeculated (diploe, spongy)
- hematopoietic