Neck I

Question 1

three important neck structures

Answer 1

1) internal jugular vein
2) carotid artery
3) vagus
–
posterior aspect of SCM

Question 2

surface anatomy

Answer 2

1) external occipital protuberance
2) spinous process of C7
3) hyoid bone
4) thyroid cartilage
5) cricoid cartilage
6) tracheal rings
7) jugular notch
8) supraclavicular fossa

Question 3

palpable regions of the neck

Answer 3

1) submandibular region
2) parotid region
3) median paramedian region
4) lateral region

Question 4

thyroglossal duct cyst

Answer 4

1) thyroid follicles can be seen in cyst wall

Question 5

branchial cleft cyst

Answer 5

1) lack of fusion of the arches
2) causes a cyst

Question 6

fascia

Answer 6

1) superficial fascia
- first layer when you reflect the skin
- ONLY platysma is embedded in here
2) deep fascia
- goes around different muscles and structures

Question 7

deep fascia

Answer 7

1) investing layer
- SCM and trapezius
- forms the roof of the posterior triangle
2) carotid sheath
- internal jugular vein
- common carotid
- vagus
3) prevertebral fascia
- floor of the posterior triangle
4) pretracheal fascia

Question 8

superficial neck muscles

Answer 8

1) platysma
- CN VII
2) trapezius
- attaches to external occipital protuberance, cervical vertebra etc.
3) SCM
- flex neck side to side
- CN XI
- attachment to mastoid process of temporal bone and manubrium / cavicle

Question 9

posterior triangle of the neck

Answer 9

1) investing layer
- roof of the triangle
2) prevertebral layer
- floor of the triangle1

Question 10

submandibular metastasis

Answer 10

1) neck dissection
2) primary site: gingiva
3) planned incision
4) skin flap elevation
5) wide operative exposure

Question 11

external jugular vein

Answer 11

1) below platysma but over SCM

Question 12

cutaneous nerves

Answer 12

1) numbing site
2) sensory

Question 13

muscles of posterior triange

Answer 13

1) splenius capitis
2) scalenus
- posterior
- anterior
- medius
*arise from transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
4) levator scapulae
5) SCN
6) omohyoid

Question 14

sensory nerves of the posterior triangle

Answer 14

1) great auricular C2-3
2) lesser occipital C2-3
3) transverse cervical C2-3
4) supraclavicular C3-4

*come from ventral rami; cell bodies reside in dorsal root ganglion
-no synapses there
- pseudounipolar

Question 15

posterior triangle motor nerves

Answer 15

1) phrenic nerve C3,4,5
- GSE to diaphragm
- GSA to pleura of the lung
- runs superficial to the scalenus anterior
2) cranial nerve XI
- runs superficial to the levator scapula

Question 16

CN XI

Answer 16

1) two roots
- cranial and spinal
- leave through jugular foramen
2) spinal root comes back and innervates SCM and trapezius

Question 17

trigger points

Answer 17

1) trapezius, SCN are sites for referred temporal pain
2) heterotopic referred pain

Question 18

posterior interscalene triangle

Answer 18

1) subclavian artery
- between the scalenus anterior and medius
2) brachial plexus

Question 19

posterior triangle major vessels

Answer 19

1) subclavian artery
2) subclavian vein
3) transverse cervical artery
4) suprascapular artery
5) external jugular vein
- runs over SCN
- don’t get it confused with internal jugular vein