the scalp and face Flashcards

1
Q

orbicularis oculi

A

1) blink reflex
- CN V detects it
2) closes the eye

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2
Q

inion

A

1) external occipital protuberance
2) trapezius attaches

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3
Q

hypoglossal canal

A

1) CN XII passes through
- GSE
2) innervates muscles of togue

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4
Q

layers of the scalp

A

(firmly attached to each other)
1)skin
2) CT
3) aponeurosis
- site for infection spread
- occipitalis and frontalis

4) loose CT
- dangerous layer

(pericranium)
5) pericranium
6) external table
7) diploe
8) internal table
9) endocranium

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5
Q

areolar space

A

1) dangerous area
2) laceration in this layer is bad
- many veins that connect the scalp from exterior to sinuses (emissary veins)
- can bring infection past parietal foramina and join veins to go into superior sagittal sinus
- septicemia

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6
Q

venous sinus

A

1) superior sagittal sinus

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7
Q

arachnoid villi / granulation tissue

A

1) protrusion of arachnoid layer in superior sagittal sinus
2) drains CSF into the sinus

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8
Q

pain receptors

A

1) pain receptors in dura
- CN V
2) no pain receptors in cerebral hemispheres

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9
Q

sensory nerves to the scalp anterior

A

1) supratrochlear V1
2) supraorbital V1
3) zygomatico temporal V2
4) auriculo temporal V3

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10
Q

sensory nerves to the scalp posterior

A

1) lesser occipital C2,3
2) greater occipital C2
3) third occipital C3

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11
Q

blood supply to the scalp anterior

A

1) supraorbital a. (from internal carotid)
2) supratrochlear a. (from internal carotid)
3) superficial temporal a. (terminal branches of external carotid)

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12
Q

blood supply to the scalp posterior

A

1) posterior auricular artery
2) occipital artery

(both from external carotid)

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13
Q

trigeminal nerve

A

1) ophthalmic division V1
2) maxillary division V2
3) mandibular division V3

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14
Q

ophthalmic nerve branches

A

1) supraorbital
- to superior skull
2) supratrochlear
- to forehead
3) infratrochlear
- to root of nose
4) lacrimal
- to lateral aspect of eyelid
5) external nasal
- sensory to tip of nose

*cell bodies for sensory afferent nerves from trigeminal ganglion
- no synapses here
- below dura mater in superior cranial fossa

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15
Q

Main branches of maxillary

A

infraorbital and zygomatic

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16
Q

infraorbital branches

A

1) inferior palpebral
- lower eyelid
2) lateral nasal
- lateral nose
3) superior labial
- upper lip

17
Q

zygomatic branches

A

1) zygomaticofacial
- sensory to zygoma
2) zygomaticotemporal
- sensory to temporal

18
Q

mandibular nerve branches

A

1) auriculotemporal
- sensory from TMJ
2) buccal (long buccal)
- sensory to buccinator
3) mental
- to the chin
- sensory innervation to #20-21, 28-29

19
Q

herpes zoster

A

1) dormant in trigeminal ganglion
2) for the face

20
Q

trigeminal neuralgia

A

1) pain brought on by stimulation of a trigger zone
2) unknown cause

21
Q

maxillary sinusitis

A

1) tooth carries sensory innervation to the maxillary sinus
2) pain can originate in upper maxillary teeth due to sinus infection

22
Q

facial nerve branches VII

A

1) temporal
2) zygomatic
3) buccal
4) mandibular
5) cervical
- platysma

all motor

23
Q

stylomastoid foramen

A

1) stem of CN VII passes through
2) gets into the substance of parotid gland
3) then it gives off branches

24
Q

bells palsy

A

1) temporary facial paralysis
2) infection of middle ear puts pressure on CN VII
3) local anesthesia can cause this
- inferior alveolar nerve block done too low
- within parotid substance

25
Q

ramsey hunt syndrome

A

An acute peripheral facial neuropathy that occurs as a complication of shingles. It causes hearing loss and facial paralysis.

26
Q

external carotid artery branches

A

1) facial artery
2) labial
3) nasal
4) angular
5) superficial temporal
6) maxillary
- infraorbital
- buccal
- mental
7) transverse facial

27
Q

internal carotid artery branches

A

1) supraorbital
2) supratrochlear
3) dorsal nasal
- with the infratrochlear n.
4) lacrimal
5) external nasal
6) zygomatic

28
Q

veins of the face

A

1) facial vein
2) retromandibular vein
- joins posterior auricular vein to make external jugular vein
3) superficial temporal vein

29
Q

danger triangle of the fae

A

1) cavernous sinus infection
2) communicate with tributaries of the facial vein via the superior and inferior ophthalmic veins and via the pterygoid plexus
3) teeth #5-12
4) can drain down to internal jugular
5) CN III, IV, V1, VI
- superior orbital fissurep

30
Q

parotitis

A

1) parotid gland infection
2)m

31
Q

mouth muscles

A

1) orbicularis oris
2) levator anguli oris
- elevates angle of mouth
3) depressor anguli oris
- depresses angle of mouth
4) zygomaticus major
- smiling
5) risorius

32
Q

muscles of lip

A

1) levator labii superioris
2) depressor labii inferioris

33
Q

muscles of the cheek

A

1) buccinator
2) between upper and lower teeth
3) CN VII
- buccal branch

long buccal CN V3

34
Q

orbicularis oculi

A

1) closes eye
2) motor CN VII

35
Q

mentalis

A

1) chin
2) motor CN VII

36
Q

nasalis

A

1) nose
2) motor CN VII

37
Q

muscles of the forehead

A

1) frontalis
- surprised look
2) procerus
- transverse wrinkles above nose bridge
3) corrugator
- vertical wrinkles above nose bridge