Oral Cavity I

Question 1

tonsils

Answer 1

1) detect pathogens

Question 2

pterygomandibular raphae

Answer 2

1) white tissue site of attachment for buccinator and superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle
2) important for anesthesia

Question 3

sagittal view

Answer 3

1) can see many sinuses
2) posterior choanae
3) palate
- seal off the nasopharynx for articulation of sound
4) Eustachian tube
5) epiglottis
6) nasopharynx / oropharynx / laryngopharynx

Question 4

bones of oral cavity

Answer 4

1) maxilla
- incisive foramen for numbing
2) sphenoid bone
- hamulus (off of medial pterygoid plate) for soft palate muscle attachment
3) palatine bone
- posterior nasal spine
- greater palatine foramen for numbing
4) temporal bone
- petrotympanic fissure

Question 5

hard palate

Answer 5

1) anterior
- palatine process of maxilla
- horizontal plates of palatine bone
2) laterally
- alveolar processes

Question 6

Soft palate

Answer 6

1) posterior
- soft palate

Question 7

hard palate characteristics

Answer 7

1) palatine folds
2) incisive papilla
- for nasopalatine nerve block
3) openings for minor salivary glands

Question 8

clinical anatomy of palate

Answer 8

1) papillary hyperplasia
- inflammation of the palate
2) found on edentulous patients with dentures or people with candidiasis
2) malignant adenocarcinoma
- tumor of minor salivary glands

Question 9

hard palate foramina

Answer 9

1) greater and lesser palatine foramen
2) incisive canal

Question 10

torus palatinus

Answer 10

1) completely normal
2) becomes an issue for dentures

Question 11

nasopalatine duct cyst

Answer 11

1) cystic lining shows transition from pseudostratified to stratified squamous
2) heart shaped on xray

Question 12

soft palate

Answer 12

1) anterior
- hard palate
2) posterior
- nasopharynx
3) lateral
- tongue
- pharyngeal wall

Question 13

soft palate characteristics

Answer 13

1) palatoglossus, palatopharyngeus, palatine tonsils
2) uvula
3) arches
4) posterior walls of pharynx
- with lymphoid nodules

Question 14

tonsils appearance

Answer 14

1) create crypts of the oral mucosa associated with lymphoid follicles
2) many infoldings
3) HPV to posterior aspect of tongue

Question 15

muscles of the soft palate

Answer 15

1) palatoglossus
2) palatopharyngeus
3) uvula
4) levator palatini
5) tensor palatini
6) palatine aponeurosis
- the strength and support of the muscles
- expanded tendon of tensor villi palatini m.

Question 16

palatoglossus muscle

Answer 16

1) origin
- aponeurosis of soft palate
2) insertion
- dorsum and lateral aspect of the tongue
3) motor innervation
- pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerve
4) action
- contraction of muscles bilaterally raises tongue
- lowers soft palate
- narrowing oropharyngeal isthmus

Question 17

palatopharyngeus muscle

Answer 17

1) origin
- aponeurosis of soft palate
2) insertion
- lateral wall of pharyn and posterior border of thyroid cartilage
3) motor innervation
- pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerve
4) action
- elevates pharynx and larynx
- closes oropharyngeal isthmus

Question 18

uvula muscle

Answer 18

1) origin
- nasal spine of palatine bone
2) insertion
- uvula (posterior midline projection of soft palate)
3) motor innervation
- pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerve
4) action
- assists in closing the nasopharynx during swallowing

Question 19

levator palatini muscle

Answer 19

1) origin
- medial aspect of auditory tube and inferior surface of petrous portion of temporal bone
2) insertion
- palatine aponeurosis
3) motor innervation
- pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerve
4) action
- elevator of palate

Question 20

tensor palatini

Answer 20

1) origin
- lateral aspect of auditory tube
- scaphoid fossa of sphenoid bone
2) insertion
- tendon hooks under hamulus and inserts into palatine aponeurosis
3) motor innervation
- mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
4) action
- tightens palate

Question 21

anatomical relationships

Answer 21

1) levator palatini
2) tensor palatini
3) external palatine vein

Question 22

arterial supply

Answer 22

1) maxillary artery
- nasopalatine
- greater palatine
- lesser palatine
2) facial artery
- ascending palatine

Question 23

sensory innervation to palate

Answer 23

1) maxillary V2 nerve
- greater palatine nerve (bicuspid to molars)
- lesser palatine nerve (cuspid to cuspid)
- nasopalatine nerve (posterior to incisive papilla)
2) autonomic
- parasympathetic and sympathetic