larynx and airway

Question 1

the larynx

Answer 1

1) portion of airway between epiglottis and lower border of cricoid
2) prevents food and liquids from entering airway during swallowing
3) organ of phonation (vocal sound production
4) leads to trachea
5 )true and false vocal folds
- opening is the ventricle

Question 2

laryngeal cavity

Answer 2

1) epiglottis
2) lateral thyroid cartilage
3 ) cricoid cartilage
4) false and true vocal cords
5) ventricles continue into the saccule
8) supraglottic and infraglottic cavity

Question 3

superior view of the glottis

Answer 3

1) ventricular (false) vocal fold
2) true vocal folds produce sound
3) quiet respiration
- vocal cords ar abducted

Question 4

vocal cord positions

Answer 4

1) abduction
- for inspiration
2) adduction
- for phonation

Question 5

laryngeal skeleton

Answer 5

1) vocal folds are between thyroid and arytenoid
2) on top of arytenoid is the corniculate horn
3) the cartilages articulate at synovial joints
4) arytenoids
can translate and pivot

Question 6

larynx posterior view

Answer 6

1) epiglottis
2) laryngeal inlet (aditus)
3) aryepiglottic folds
4) cricoid cartilage
5) thyroid cartilage

• keep airway open

Question 7

laryngeal synovial joints

Answer 7

1) cricothyroid
- pivots
2) cricoarytenoid
- pivots and spins
- translates?

Question 8

muscles of the larynx

Answer 8

1) extrinsic
- infrahyoid
- suprahyoid
- longitudinal pharyngeal muscles
- ansa cervicalis
2) intrinsic
- sphincters of the vestibule
- muscles of the glottis
- XI via X

Question 9

infrahyoid and suprahyoid muscles and action

Answer 9

1) stylohyoid, geniohyoid, mylohyoid, digastric
- elevate
2) thyrohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid
- depress

Question 10

sphincters of the vestibule

Answer 10

1) aryepiglotticus
2) thyroiepiglotticus
3) thyroarytenoid
- drops the pitch

Question 11

muscles of the glottis

Answer 11

1) control pitch and tone
2) tilting
- cricothyroid muscle
- external laryngeal
3) large posterior cricoarytenoid muscles
- pulls the arytenoid towards the midline
- opens the vocal cords
- keeps airway open
4) adductors
- keep airway closed
- oblique arytenoid, transverse arytenoid, lateral cricoarytenoid

Question 12

vocalis

Answer 12

1) controls how much stretch at various parts of the cord

Question 13

summary of muscle actions

Answer 13

1) remember them

Question 14

larynx innervation

Answer 14

1) all from CN X (XI via X)
- motor (GSE)
- external laryngeal: cricothyroid
- recurrent laryngeal: all other intrinsic muscles
2) CN X
- sensory (GSA)
- internal laryngeal nerve - above glottis
- recurrent laryngeal - below glottis

Question 15

vagus nerve paralyis

Answer 15

1) disruption of the voice
2) recurrent laryngeal
3) can cause hoarseness to inability to speak

Question 16

blood supply

Answer 16

1) superior laryngeal a
- a branch of superior thyroid a
2) inferior laryngeal a
- a branch of inferior thyroid a

Question 17

laryngeal obstruction

Answer 17

1) causes
- foreign body
- allergic reactions
- laryngospasm
2) Heimlich maneuver
-push diaphragm

Question 18

supported breathing

Answer 18

1) endotracheal intubation

Question 19

cricothyrotomy

Answer 19

1) emergency airway
2) cricothyroid membrane

Question 20

tracheotomy

Answer 20

1) emergency for tumors that cannot be removed
2) opening for cancer that has been removed as well

Question 21

obstructive sleep apnea

Answer 21

1) partial airway obstruction during sleep
2) due to soft palate or base of tongue collapsing against pharyngeal wall

Question 22

OSA common clinical findings

Answer 22

1) obesity
2) thick neck
3) retrognathic or hypoplastic mandible
4) excessive fat in palate, tongue, pharynx
5) log soft palate
6) enlarged tonsils

Question 23

OSA treatment

Answer 23

1) continuous positive airway pressure
2) surgery
- uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
- tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy
- orthognathic surgery
3) mandibular repositioning device