the eye and orbit

Question 1

bones of the orbit

Answer 1

1) frontal
2) zygomatic
- zygomaticofacial foramen
- arteries from the eye come out
3) maxilla
4) lacrimal
5) ethmoid
- ethmoidal foramina (anterior and posterior)
6) sphenoid
7) palatine

Question 2

relationships around the orbit

Answer 2

1) frontal lobe sits on top of the orbits
2) floor is the maxilla covering the maxillary sinus infections
3) ethmoid with ethmoidal sinuses

Question 3

contents of the orbit

Answer 3

1) bulbous oculi (eye)
2) seven extraocular muscles
3) fat
4) lacrimal gland
5 )CN II, III, IV, V (V1), and VI
6) arteries and veins

Question 4

periorbita and dural sheath of the optic nerve

Answer 4

1) periorbita wraps the eye
- tough and peels off
2) orbital septa
- fibrous piece
3) dura on the optic nerve

Question 5

surface anatomy

Answer 5

1) palpebrae
2) palpebral commissures
3) superior inferior papillae and puctum
- lump on the top with hole
4) plica semilunaris
- vestigial membrane (pink and clear)
- remnant of nictitating membrane
5) lacus lacrimalis
- lake of tears
- caruncle: fleshy gland tissue in the corner
6) cornea with iris and pupil
7) scleras

Question 6

surface anatomy internal

Answer 6

1) conjunctiva
- mucus membrane covering the eye and eyelids
- stratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
- continuous membrane (palpebral and transparent bulbar portion)
- tarsal glands
2) conjunctival sac
- loop in the conjunctiva that transitions between the palpebral and bulbar portions

Question 7

orbital septum and tarsal plates

Answer 7

1) muscles
- orbicularis oculi
- levator palpebrae superioris
- superior tarsal (smooth muscle, sympathetic, ptosis)
2) tarsal plate
- dense CT
3) tarsal glands
- sebaceous glands
- oily substance
4) GSA innervation
- upper eyelid CN V1
- lower eyelid CN V2

Question 8

lacrimal gland

Answer 8

1) bilobed serous gland
2) superolateral margin of orbit
3) secret fluid to moisten eyeball
4) drainage
- via duct system into nasal cavity

Question 9

lacrimal drainage

Answer 9

1) gland => lacus lacrimalis => punctum => lacrimal canaliculi => lacrimal sac => nasolacrimal duct => nasal cavity (lateral to inferior nasal conchae)

Question 10

fluid that moistens the eye comprises secretions from the

Answer 10

1) tarsal glands
2) lacrimal glands
3) conjunctival epithelium

Question 11

coats of the bulbous oculi

Answer 11

1) three layers
- fibrous, vascular, and retinal

Question 12

fibrous coat

Answer 12

1) external layer and composes sclera and cornea
2) sclera forms posterior 5/6

Question 13

vascular layer

Answer 13

1) pigmented
2) choroid 5/6 posterior
3) ciliary body comprises mostly the ciliary muscle and process
- suspensory ligaments between ciliary body and lens
4) iris extends from ciliary body
- pigmented diapragm
- opening is the pupil
5) anterior and posterior compartments with aqueous humor

Question 14

ciliary muscles

Answer 14

1) contraction looses suspensory ligament
- postsynaptic parasympathetic fibers from ciliary ganglion
- presynaptic carried with CN III

Question 15

constrictor pupillae muscle

Answer 15

1) circular fibers, decrease pupil size
- POSTsynaptic PARAsympathetic fibers from ciliary ganglion
- presynaptic carried with CN III

Question 16

dilator pupillae muscle

Answer 16

1) radiating fibers
- dilates pupil
- POSTsynaptic SYMPATHETIC fibers from superior cervical ganglion
- running through the ciliary ganglion

Question 17

extra ocular muscles of the orbit

Answer 17

1) levator palpebrae superioris
2) superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, lateral rectus
3) superior oblique, inferior oblique,

Question 18

arterial supply opthalmic artery (6 branches)

Answer 18

1) lacrimal artery (2 main branches)
- lacrimal branch
- zygomatic branch
2) posterior ciliary arteries
3) supraorbital artery
4) anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries
5) dorsal nasal artery
6) supratrochlear artery

Question 19

lacrimal branch

Answer 19

to gland superiorlateral eye
- goes UP

Question 20

zygomatic branch

Answer 20

• zygomaticofacial a.
• zygomaticotemporal a.
• goes DOWN

Question 21

posterior ciliary arteries

Answer 21

• one becomes the central artery of the retina

Question 22

posterior and anterior ethmoidal arteries

Answer 22

1) to ethmoidal air cells
2) anterior branch becomes external nasal artery

Question 23

dorsal nasal artery

Answer 23

1) medial angle of upper eye lid

Question 24

supratrochlear artery

Answer 24

1) supraorbital / tochlear notch

Question 25

superficial branches of the opthalmic arteries

Answer 25

1) supraorbital, supratrochlear, dorsal nasal, external nasal, zygomaticofacial, zygomaticotemporal

Question 26

venous drainage

Answer 26

1) superior ophthalmic vein
2) communicates with facial vein anteriorly
3) communicates with cavernous sinus posteriorly

Question 27

special sensory and motor nerves

Answer 27

1) optic CNII
2) trochlear CN IV
- superior oblique muscle
- superior orbital fissure
3) abducens CN VI
- superior orbital fissure to the lateral rectus muscle
4) general somatic efferent ( GSE)
- oculomotor CN III
- all the other ones
- carries parasympathetics to ciliary ganglion

Question 28

GSA

Answer 28

1) ophthalmic division of V1
- via superior orbital fissure
- 3 branches: lacrimal, frontal, nasociliary

Question 29

lacrimal nerve

Answer 29

1) sensory to lacrimal gland
- lateral aspect of upper lid

Question 30

frontal nerve

Answer 30

1) supraorbital and supratrochlear

Question 31

nasociliary nerve part 1

Answer 31

1) ganglionic branches to ciliary ganglion then short ciliary nerves
2) long ciliary branches: sensory to eye and cornea

Question 32

nasociliary nerve part 2

Answer 32

1) posterior ethmoidal
2) anterior ethmoidal
- external nasal nerve
3) infratrochlear nerve

Question 33

ciliary ganglion

Answer 33

1) receives general sensory fibers from CN V1
2) sympathetic fibers extending from superior cervical ganglion via plexus on internal carotid and ophthalmic arteries
3) parasympathetic fibers from oculomotor nerve
- only one synapse in ganglion

Question 34

short ciliary nerves

Answer 34

1) mixed nerves
2) sensory from eye
3) sympathetic to dilator pupillae muscles
4) parasympathetic to constrictor pupillae and ciliary muscles

Question 35

lacrimal gland innervation

Answer 35

1) general sensory via lacrimal nerve CN V1
2) parasympathetics
- preganglionic fibers from CN VII at pterygopalatine ganglion
- postganglionic fibers from pterygopalatine ganglion via zygomaticotemporal nerve (V2) then via communicating branch to lacrimal nerve (V1)

Question 36

abductors

Answer 36

1) superior oblique
2) inferior oblique
3) lateral rectus

Question 37

adductors

Answer 37

1) medial rectus
2) superior rectus
3) inferior rectus

Question 38

depressors

Answer 38

1) superior oblique
2) inferior rectus

Question 39

elevators

Answer 39

1) inferior oblique
2) superior rectus

Question 40

lateral rotators

Answer 40

1) inferior oblique inferior rectus

Question 41

medial rotators

Answer 41

1) superior oblique superior rectus