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Child and Family > The Sick Child > Flashcards

The Sick Child Flashcards

1
Q

What happens to the heart rate of children from <1 to >12?

A

Decreases

From 110-160 to 60-100

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2
Q

What happens to the Respiratory rate in children from <1 to >12?

A

Decreases

From 30-40 to 15-20

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3
Q

What happens to blood pressure in children from <1 to >12>

A

Increases

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4
Q

What is anatomically different about children that adults?

A 
Relatively large heads and prominent occiput
Sitting height proportionally more
Large surface area
High anterior larynx
More flexible ribs
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5
Q

What is the commonest reason for acute illness in children?

A

Sepsis

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6
Q

What is broniolitis?

A

Acute inflammatory injury of the bronchioles

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7
Q

What is the most likely cause of bronchiolitis?

A

Viral infection

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8
Q

What is seen on examination of the chest in bronchiolitis?

A

Widespread fine crackles throughout all lung fields

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9
Q

What can treat bronchiolitis?

A

Oxygen
Supportative measures
NG tube
CPAP

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10
Q

What is croup?

A

Laryngotracheobronchitis

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11
Q

What is the cause of croup?

A

Viral infection

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12
Q

What causes a barking cough?

A

Croup

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13
Q

What is seen on x-ray with croup?

A

Hypopharynx distension

Narrowing of the trachea

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14
Q

Is stridor expiratory or inspiratory?

A

Inspiratory

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15
Q

Is wheeze expiratory or inspiratory?

A

Expiratory

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16
Q

What can cause wheeze?

A

Asthma
Bronchiolitis
Common cold

17
Q

Can young children peak flow successfully?

A

No

18
Q

What can cause meningitis?

A

Bacterial and virus

19
Q

What can cause encephalitis?

A

commonly viral

20
Q

How is menigitis investigated?

A

Lumbar puncture and imaging

21
Q

What is menningococcaemia?

A

Meningitis in the blood

Rash that does not blanch

22
Q

What are some common causes of fits/faints?

A 
Febrile seizures 
Vasovagal episodes
Reflex anoxic seizures
Breath holding attacks
Behavioral episodes
Epilepsy
Arrythmias
23
Q

What should everyone that comes in with a seizure recieve?

A

an ECG

24
Q

What are signs of non-accidental injuries?

A

History and Injuries dont match
Never alone
Rib fractures
Retinal haemorrhages

25
Q

What are causes of GI paeds problems?

A 
Viral gastroenteritis
GI obstruction
Acute abdomen
UTI
Testicular torsion
26
Q

What can be a cause of GI obstruction in children?

A

Congenital pyloric stenosis volvulus
intusseuseption
Malrotation

27
Q

What CVS things are seen in children?

A

Congenital heart disease
Arrythmias
Bacterial endocarditis

Child and Family (13 decks)

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