The Sick Child

Question 1

What happens to the heart rate of children from <1 to >12?

Answer 1

Decreases

From 110-160 to 60-100

Question 2

What happens to the Respiratory rate in children from <1 to >12?

Answer 2

Decreases

From 30-40 to 15-20

Question 3

What happens to blood pressure in children from <1 to >12>

Answer 3

Increases

Question 4

What is anatomically different about children that adults?

Answer 4

Relatively large heads and prominent occiput
Sitting height proportionally more
Large surface area
High anterior larynx
More flexible ribs

Question 5

What is the commonest reason for acute illness in children?

Answer 5

Sepsis

Question 6

What is broniolitis?

Answer 6

Acute inflammatory injury of the bronchioles

Question 7

What is the most likely cause of bronchiolitis?

Answer 7

Viral infection

Question 8

What is seen on examination of the chest in bronchiolitis?

Answer 8

Widespread fine crackles throughout all lung fields

Question 9

What can treat bronchiolitis?

Answer 9

Oxygen
Supportative measures
NG tube
CPAP

Question 10

What is croup?

Answer 10

Laryngotracheobronchitis

Question 11

What is the cause of croup?

Answer 11

Viral infection

Question 12

What causes a barking cough?

Answer 12

Croup

Question 13

What is seen on x-ray with croup?

Answer 13

Hypopharynx distension

Narrowing of the trachea

Question 14

Is stridor expiratory or inspiratory?

Answer 14

Inspiratory

Question 15

Is wheeze expiratory or inspiratory?

Answer 15

Expiratory

Question 16

What can cause wheeze?

Answer 16

Asthma
Bronchiolitis
Common cold

Question 17

Can young children peak flow successfully?

Answer 17

No

Question 18

What can cause meningitis?

Answer 18

Bacterial and virus

Question 19

What can cause encephalitis?

Answer 19

commonly viral

Question 20

How is menigitis investigated?

Answer 20

Lumbar puncture and imaging

Question 21

What is menningococcaemia?

Answer 21

Meningitis in the blood

Rash that does not blanch

Question 22

What are some common causes of fits/faints?

Answer 22

Febrile seizures 
Vasovagal episodes
Reflex anoxic seizures
Breath holding attacks
Behavioral episodes
Epilepsy
Arrythmias

Question 23

What should everyone that comes in with a seizure recieve?

Answer 23

an ECG

Question 24

What are signs of non-accidental injuries?

Answer 24

History and Injuries dont match
Never alone
Rib fractures
Retinal haemorrhages

Question 25

What are causes of GI paeds problems?

Answer 25

``` Viral gastroenteritis GI obstruction Acute abdomen UTI Testicular torsion ```

Question 26

What can be a cause of GI obstruction in children?

Answer 26

Congenital pyloric stenosis volvulus intusseuseption Malrotation

Question 27

What CVS things are seen in children?

Answer 27

Congenital heart disease Arrythmias Bacterial endocarditis