Recognising the sick child

Question 1

What can cause fluid loss?

Answer 1

Blood loss
Gastroenteritis
Burns

Question 2

What can cause fluid maldistribution?

Answer 2

Septic shock
Cardiac disease
Anaphylaxis

Question 3

What can Fluid loss and Fluid maldistribution lead to?

Answer 3

Circulatory failure

Question 4

What can cause respiratory distress?

Answer 4

Foreign body
Croup
Asthma

Question 5

What can cause respiratory depression?

Answer 5

Convulsions
Raised ICP
Poisoning

Question 6

What cause respiratory failure?

Answer 6

Respiratory distress

Respiratory depression

Question 7

How is the airway opened in children?

Answer 7

In neutral position

Question 8

How is breathing assessed in children?

Answer 8

Effort

Efficacy

Question 9

How is effort of breathing described?

Answer 9

Rate 
Recession
Accessory muscle use
Grunting
Nasal flaring

Question 10

How is efficacy of breathing assessed?

Answer 10

Expansion
Additional noises
Pulse oximetry
Effect on end organs

Question 11

How is a patient managed if they aren’t breathing?

Answer 11

Rescue breaths

Question 12

What is assessed in circulation?

Answer 12

Heart rate
Rhythm
Pulse volume
Cap refill
Blood pressure
Effects on organs

Question 13

What is a pre-terminal sign?

Answer 13

Hypo-tension

Question 14

How is circulation manages?

Answer 14

20mls/kg of 0.9% saline
Reassess
May need blood or inotropes

Question 15

What is assessed in disability?

Answer 15

AVPO
GCS
Pupils
Posture
DEFG

Question 16

What is assessed in exposure?

Answer 16

Temperature

Rash or bruising