Nutritional considerations of infants, young children and adolescents Flashcards
Why are nutritional requirements in place?
Essential nutrients to replace losses and grow new tissues
Energy to permit metabolic functions
Maintenance, growth and development
Develop immunity
What are the 3 phases of child growth?
Infant
Child
Pubertal
What leads infant growth?
Nutrients
What leads child growth?
Growth hormone
What leads pubertal growth?
Sex steroids
How is the energy requirements for 0-12 months calculated?
Energy deposited in new tissue plus Total energy expenditure
How is the energy requirement for 1-18 years calculated?
TEE + deposited energy costs (BMR xPAL)
How much vitamin A is needed for a healthy diet?
350-400micrograms a day
What is a source of Vitamin A?
Cheese, eggs, yoghurt
How much VitaminC is needed?
25-30mg a day
What is a source of Vitamin C?
Oranges
Blackcurrants
Potatoes
What is a source of Vitamin D?
7.8.5ug/day
What is a source of vitamin D?
Sunlight
Small amounts of oily fish and eggs
What supplements should any child 6+ months take if on infant formula?
Vitamin A, C and D
What supplement should be given to breastfed babies by 2 weeks of age?
8.5-10mg of vitamin D a day
What supplements should breastfeeding mothers take?
Vitamin D
10micrograms a day
What is the recommendations for breastfeeding?
Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first six months of an infants life
When should a child transition from milk feeding to family foods?
6+ months
What happens in the early childhood stage?
Transition from being fed to feeding self with food to learning to find food
What happens in the school age stage?
Learning to be independent
Developing eating patterns
Developing behaviour patterns (activity)
What vulnerabilities do school age children have?
chronic disease
supply/demand imbalance
Disordered eating patterns
What are the responsibilities of adolesence?
Attaining independence and ability to parent
What are the vulnerabilities of adolesents?
Eating disorder
Obesity
Early pregnancy
What are some important actors of breastfeeding?
Immunological features Anti-infective agents Growth factors Modulators of intestinal growth Reduction in diarrhoea Reduction in respiratory infection Colonic function Reduction in apoptotic disease Greater likelihood of higher IQ Lower obesity risk for baby Lower maternal breast cancer risk
