Nutritional considerations of infants, young children and adolescents

Question 1

Why are nutritional requirements in place?

Answer 1

Essential nutrients to replace losses and grow new tissues
Energy to permit metabolic functions
Maintenance, growth and development
Develop immunity

Question 2

What are the 3 phases of child growth?

Answer 2

Infant
Child
Pubertal

Question 3

What leads infant growth?

Answer 3

Nutrients

Question 4

What leads child growth?

Answer 4

Growth hormone

Question 5

What leads pubertal growth?

Answer 5

Sex steroids

Question 6

How is the energy requirements for 0-12 months calculated?

Answer 6

Energy deposited in new tissue plus Total energy expenditure

Question 7

How is the energy requirement for 1-18 years calculated?

Answer 7

TEE + deposited energy costs (BMR xPAL)

Question 8

How much vitamin A is needed for a healthy diet?

Answer 8

350-400micrograms a day

Question 9

What is a source of Vitamin A?

Answer 9

Cheese, eggs, yoghurt

Question 10

How much VitaminC is needed?

Answer 10

25-30mg a day

Question 11

What is a source of Vitamin C?

Answer 11

Oranges
Blackcurrants
Potatoes

Question 12

What is a source of Vitamin D?

Answer 12

7.8.5ug/day

Question 13

What is a source of vitamin D?

Answer 13

Sunlight

Small amounts of oily fish and eggs

Question 14

What supplements should any child 6+ months take if on infant formula?

Answer 14

Vitamin A, C and D

Question 15

What supplement should be given to breastfed babies by 2 weeks of age?

Answer 15

8.5-10mg of vitamin D a day

Question 16

What supplements should breastfeeding mothers take?

Answer 16

Vitamin D

10micrograms a day

Question 17

What is the recommendations for breastfeeding?

Answer 17

Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first six months of an infants life

Question 18

When should a child transition from milk feeding to family foods?

Answer 18

6+ months

Question 19

What happens in the early childhood stage?

Answer 19

Transition from being fed to feeding self with food to learning to find food

Question 20

What happens in the school age stage?

Answer 20

Learning to be independent
Developing eating patterns
Developing behaviour patterns (activity)

Question 21

What vulnerabilities do school age children have?

Answer 21

chronic disease
supply/demand imbalance
Disordered eating patterns

Question 22

What are the responsibilities of adolesence?

Answer 22

Attaining independence and ability to parent

Question 23

What are the vulnerabilities of adolesents?

Answer 23

Eating disorder
Obesity
Early pregnancy

Question 24

What are some important actors of breastfeeding?

Answer 24

Immunological features
Anti-infective agents
Growth factors
Modulators of intestinal growth
Reduction in diarrhoea
Reduction in respiratory infection
Colonic function
Reduction in apoptotic disease
Greater likelihood of higher IQ
Lower obesity risk for baby
Lower maternal breast cancer risk

Question 25

What 5 things may be associated with?

Answer 25

Living in a deprived area
Opinions of maternal grandmother
Personal disagreement with advice to wait
Lack of encouragement from friends
Being in reciept of free samples of manufactured food