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Child and Family > Normal child development > Flashcards

Normal child development Flashcards

1
Q

How is IQ calculated?

A

Mental age/Chronological age

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2
Q

What main factors can affect normal development?

A

Genetic
Nutritional
Environmental

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3
Q

How can nutritional factors affect normal development?

A 
Both in pregnancy and beyond
Foetus can be affected by conditions affecting placental function
Hypertension
Drug abuse
Malnutrition
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4
Q

What can malnutrition do to the brain?

A

Reduce the size and protein content of brain cells

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5
Q

What effect do environmental factors have on normal development?

A

Determines extent that genetic ability can be recognized
Emotional deprivation and neglect
Lack of stimuli

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6
Q

What varies developmental milestones?

A

Vary from child to child

Vary with ethnicity

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7
Q

What occurs when there is a new stage in development?

A

New skill developed

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8
Q

What is the median age?

A

Age when 50% of the population achieve a skill

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9
Q

What is the limit age?

A

Age when skill should have been acquire by 97.5% of children

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10
Q

What must be known to assess development?

A

Normal milestones
Normal variations
Developmental age vs chronological age

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11
Q

What are the 5 principles of development?

A 
Continuous process
Maturation of the nervous system
Sequence same but rate varies
Cephalocaudal direction
Generalised mass activity changing to more specific controlled movements
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12
Q

What does cephalocaudal direction mean?

A

Motor development moves head to toe:
Control of head is gained
Then control of trunk
Then control of legs etc

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13
Q

What are the 4 areas of development?

A

Gross motor
Fine motor and vision
Language and hearing
Social behaviour and play

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14
Q

What 8 things are involved in normal gross motor development?

A 
Head control
Sitting balance
Crawling
Standing
Runs
Stairs (2 feet)
Stairs (alternate feet) 
Hops
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15
Q

When should a child be able to control their head?

A

3 months

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16
Q

When should a child be able to sit up?

A

6 months

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17
Q

When should a child be able to crawl?

A

9 months

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18
Q

When should a child be able to stand?

A

12 months

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19
Q

When should a child be able to run?

A

18 months

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20
Q

When should a child be able to walk up the stairs (2 feet)?

A

36 months

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21
Q

When should a child be able to walk up stairs with alternate feet?

A

48 months

22
Q

What 8 things are involved in fine motor and vision development?

A 
Hand regard in midline
Grasps toy
Scissor grasp
Pincer grasp
Tower of 3-4 brinks
Tower of 6-7 brinks/scribble
Tower of 9 bricks/copies circle
Draws simple man
23
Q

When should a child be able to put their hands in the middle?

A

3 months

24
Q

When should a child be able to grasp a toy (palmar)?

A

6 months

25
Q

When should a child be able to use the scissor grasp?

A

9 months

26
Q

When should a child be able to use the pincer grasp?

A

12 months

27
Q

When should a child be able to build a tower of 3-4 bricks?

A

18 months

28
Q

When should a child be able to build a tower of 6-7 bricks?

A

24 months

29
Q

When should a child be able to build a tower of 9 bricks?

A

36 months

30
Q

When should a child be able to draw a simple man?

A

48 months

31
Q

What are the 8 things involved in language and hearing development?

A 
Vocalises
Babbles
Imitates sounds
Knows name
2 body parts/5-20 words
Simple instructions/50+ words
Complex instructions/asks questions
Can tell stories of experiences
32
Q

When should a child be able to vocalise?

A

3 months

33
Q

When should a child be able to babble?

A

6 months

34
Q

When should a child be able to imitate sounds?

A

9 months

35
Q

When should a child be able to know its name?

A

12 months

36
Q

When should a child be able to know 2 body parts/20 words?

A

18 months

37
Q

When should a child be able to understand simple instructions/ 50 words?

A

24 months

38
Q

When should a child be able to understand complex instructions?

A

36 months

39
Q

When should a child be able to tell stories of their experience?

A

48 months

40
Q

What 9 things are involved in the social behaviour and play part of normal development?

A 
Social smile
Pleasure on friendly handling
Plays with feet/friendly with strangers
Plays peek-a-boo/stranger awareness
Drinks from a cup/waves bye
Feeds with spoon
Symbolic play/puts on clothes
Pretend interactive play/toilet trained
Understands turn taking/dresses fully
41
Q

When should a child be able to socially smile?

A

6 weeks

42
Q

When should a child have pleasure on friendly handling?

A

3 months

43
Q

When should a child be able to play with their feet/ friendly with strangers?

A

6 months

44
Q

When should a child be able to play peek-a-boo/ have stranger awareness?

A

9 months

45
Q

When should a child be able to drink from a cup/wave bye?

A

12 months

46
Q

When should a child be able to feed with a spoon?

A

18 months

47
Q

When should a child be able to play symbolically/put on some clothes?

A

2 years

48
Q

When should a child be able to play pretend interactive/be toilet trained?

A

3 years

49
Q

When should a child be able to understand turn taking and dress themselves fully?

A

4 years

50
Q

What primitive reflexes need to be lost?

A 
Sucking and rooting
Palmar and plantar grasp
ANTR
Moro
Stepping and placing
51
Q

What is ANTR and when must it be lost by?

A

Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex

Ive the babies head turns to one side, they immediately spread their arms out to stabilise themselves

52
Q

What is the parachute reflex?

A

Putting an arm out to prevent falling over when seated and pushed

Child and Family (13 decks)

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