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Normal child development Flashcards

1
Q

How is IQ calculated?

A

Mental age/Chronological age

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2
Q

What main factors can affect normal development?

A

Genetic
Nutritional
Environmental

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3
Q

How can nutritional factors affect normal development?

A 
Both in pregnancy and beyond
Foetus can be affected by conditions affecting placental function
Hypertension
Drug abuse
Malnutrition
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4
Q

What can malnutrition do to the brain?

A

Reduce the size and protein content of brain cells

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5
Q

What effect do environmental factors have on normal development?

A

Determines extent that genetic ability can be recognized
Emotional deprivation and neglect
Lack of stimuli

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6
Q

What varies developmental milestones?

A

Vary from child to child

Vary with ethnicity

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7
Q

What occurs when there is a new stage in development?

A

New skill developed

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8
Q

What is the median age?

A

Age when 50% of the population achieve a skill

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9
Q

What is the limit age?

A

Age when skill should have been acquire by 97.5% of children

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10
Q

What must be known to assess development?

A

Normal milestones
Normal variations
Developmental age vs chronological age

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11
Q

What are the 5 principles of development?

A 
Continuous process
Maturation of the nervous system
Sequence same but rate varies
Cephalocaudal direction
Generalised mass activity changing to more specific controlled movements
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12
Q

What does cephalocaudal direction mean?

A

Motor development moves head to toe:
Control of head is gained
Then control of trunk
Then control of legs etc

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13
Q

What are the 4 areas of development?

A

Gross motor
Fine motor and vision
Language and hearing
Social behaviour and play

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14
Q

What 8 things are involved in normal gross motor development?

A 
Head control
Sitting balance
Crawling
Standing
Runs
Stairs (2 feet)
Stairs (alternate feet) 
Hops
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15
Q

When should a child be able to control their head?

A

3 months

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16
Q

When should a child be able to sit up?

A

6 months

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17
Q

When should a child be able to crawl?

A

9 months

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18
Q

When should a child be able to stand?

A

12 months

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19
Q

When should a child be able to run?

A

18 months

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20
Q

When should a child be able to walk up the stairs (2 feet)?

A

36 months

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21
Q

When should a child be able to walk up stairs with alternate feet?

22
Q

What 8 things are involved in fine motor and vision development?

A 
Hand regard in midline
Grasps toy
Scissor grasp
Pincer grasp
Tower of 3-4 brinks
Tower of 6-7 brinks/scribble
Tower of 9 bricks/copies circle
Draws simple man
23
Q

When should a child be able to put their hands in the middle?

24
Q

When should a child be able to grasp a toy (palmar)?

25
When should a child be able to use the scissor grasp?
9 months
26
When should a child be able to use the pincer grasp?
12 months
27
When should a child be able to build a tower of 3-4 bricks?
18 months
28
When should a child be able to build a tower of 6-7 bricks?
24 months
29
When should a child be able to build a tower of 9 bricks?
36 months
30
When should a child be able to draw a simple man?
48 months
31
What are the 8 things involved in language and hearing development?
``` Vocalises Babbles Imitates sounds Knows name 2 body parts/5-20 words Simple instructions/50+ words Complex instructions/asks questions Can tell stories of experiences ```
32
When should a child be able to vocalise?
3 months
33
When should a child be able to babble?
6 months
34
When should a child be able to imitate sounds?
9 months
35
When should a child be able to know its name?
12 months
36
When should a child be able to know 2 body parts/20 words?
18 months
37
When should a child be able to understand simple instructions/ 50 words?
24 months
38
When should a child be able to understand complex instructions?
36 months
39
When should a child be able to tell stories of their experience?
48 months
40
What 9 things are involved in the social behaviour and play part of normal development?
``` Social smile Pleasure on friendly handling Plays with feet/friendly with strangers Plays peek-a-boo/stranger awareness Drinks from a cup/waves bye Feeds with spoon Symbolic play/puts on clothes Pretend interactive play/toilet trained Understands turn taking/dresses fully ```
41
When should a child be able to socially smile?
6 weeks
42
When should a child have pleasure on friendly handling?
3 months
43
When should a child be able to play with their feet/ friendly with strangers?
6 months
44
When should a child be able to play peek-a-boo/ have stranger awareness?
9 months
45
When should a child be able to drink from a cup/wave bye?
12 months
46
When should a child be able to feed with a spoon?
18 months
47
When should a child be able to play symbolically/put on some clothes?
2 years
48
When should a child be able to play pretend interactive/be toilet trained?
3 years
49
When should a child be able to understand turn taking and dress themselves fully?
4 years
50
What primitive reflexes need to be lost?
``` Sucking and rooting Palmar and plantar grasp ANTR Moro Stepping and placing ```
51
What is ANTR and when must it be lost by?
Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex | Ive the babies head turns to one side, they immediately spread their arms out to stabilise themselves
52
What is the parachute reflex?
Putting an arm out to prevent falling over when seated and pushed

Child and Family (13 decks)

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