The Shoulder Misc.

Question 1

What are the components of the shoulder girdle

Answer 1

The clavicles and the scapulas

Question 2

What do fractures of the surgical neck of the humerus risk injuring?

Answer 2

The circumflex artery and the axillary nerve. this is the most common area for fracture of the humerus.

Question 3

What do fractures of the humoral shaft risk injuring

Answer 3

The radial nerve and the deep artery of the arm which travel in the radial groove

Question 4

What do fractures of the distal humerus risk injuring (for both sides)

Answer 4

The ulnar nerve which runs posteriorly on the medial side and the radial nerve and radial collateral artery on the lateral side.

Question 5

What are the vessels and ligament associated with the suprascapular notch.

Answer 5

The suprascapular nerve travels under the superior transverse scapular ligament and the suprascapular artery travels over the ligament.

Question 6

Where is the clavicle fractured most often

Answer 6

at the mid point of the bone

Question 7

Describe three main characteristics of a synovial joint

Answer 7

1. the ends of the bones are covered by articular cartilage. 2. A bag-like synovial capsule surround the joint. 3. There is a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid.

Question 8

Name the four ligaments of the shoulder and the purpose of each.

Answer 8

Coracohumeral weakly reinforces external, superior portion of capsule and helps prevent superior dilocation, Glenohumeral (Inferior, middle, superior) weakly reinforce inside of anterior wall and impede anterior dislocation, Transverse Humeral holds the tendon of the long head of the biceps in intertubercle groove, and coracoacromial helps prevent superior dislocation.

Question 9

Describe the most common type of shoulder dislocation.

Answer 9

There is no inferior support of the shoulder. The humerus almost always dislocates inferiorly first and then the pull of the muscles determine if the bone moves anterior or posterior. 90-95% are anteriorly and commonly the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex artery are injured

Question 10

Name the three ligaments associated with the AC joint.

Answer 10

Acromioclavicular, coracoacromial, and coracoclavicular (2 heads trapezoid laterally and conoid medially)

Question 11

Name the 4 ligaments of the sternoclavicular joint

Answer 11

Interclavicular, Capsular ligament, costoclavicular ligament, intraarticular disk ligament

Question 12

Where is the sternoclavicular joint most commonly dislocated

Answer 12

anteriorly

Question 13

What moves? The insertion or origin of the muscle?

Answer 13

The insertion

Question 14

Name the 6 intrinsic muscles of the shoulder. What is their defining feature?

Answer 14

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor, teres major, deltoid. They all originate and insert on the appendicular skeleton.

Question 15

What are the branches of the radial nerve before it travels though the triangular interval?

Answer 15

Superior subscapular, Thoracodorsal (Middle subscapular), inferior supscapular, axillary

Question 16

What are the three muscles that insert on the intertubercular groove

Answer 16

Teres Major, Latissimus Dorsi, Pectoralis Major

Question 17

From anterior view, what are the boundaries of the quadrangular space? What travels through this space

Answer 17

Superiorly- Subscauplaris, Inferiorly- Teres Major, Laterally- Humerus, Medially- Long head of triceps. The axillary nerve and posterior circumflex artery travel through this space.

Question 18

From a posterior view, what are the boundaries of the triangular interval? What travels through this space.

Answer 18

Superiorly- teres Major, Medially- Long head of triceps, laterally- Humerus. The radial nerve and the profunda brachii artery travel through this space.

Question 19

Name the borders of the triangle of ausculation

Answer 19

Trapezius, latissimus dorsi and rhomboid major.

Question 20

What are the movements of the shoulder

Answer 20

1. flexion/extension 2. medial/lateral rotation 3. abduction/adduction

Question 21

What are the movements of the scapula

Answer 21

1. upward/downward rotation 2. Protraction/retraction 3. elevation/depression

Question 22

What is the groove that the ulnar nerve passes through the elbow?

Answer 22

The medial epiconylar groove

Question 23

Describe the relative location of the trochlea and the capitulum

Answer 23

The capitulum is located laterally for articulation with the radius, the trochlea is located medially for articulation with the ulna.

Question 24

Name the nerve associated with the following aspects of the humerus that may be damaged.
Surgical neck, Radial groove, Distal end of humerus, medial epicondyle

Answer 24

axillary and posterior circumflex artery, radial, median, ulnar

Question 25

What ribs does the scapula overly?

Answer 25

2-7

Question 26

What are the two fossa at the distal end of the humerus?

Answer 26

Anteriorly the coronoid process and posteriorly the olecranon fossa

Question 27

What part of the scapula is most frequently fractured?

Answer 27

The acromion process

Question 28

How do most scapula fractures heal?

Answer 28

On their own

Question 29

Where is the weakest point of the clavical

Answer 29

The junction between the middle and lateral thirds

Question 30

What are the symptoms of a labral tear?

Answer 30

Pain and catching of the shoulder. Can also cause issue with tendon of long head of biceps if it is on the superior aspect

Question 31

What happens in Adhesive Capsulitis in the shoulder?

Answer 31

inflammation of the capsule surrounding the shoulder causes a lot of pain. The patient tries to quell the pain by limiting motion, however this only makes things worse by allowing adhesions to form and eventurally “Freezing” the shoulder

Question 32

What joint is involved in a shoulder separation?

Answer 32

The AC joint

Question 33

Describe the blood supply to the rotator cuff (very generic good/bad)

Answer 33

Very low and cause for slow repair and vulnerable to wear and tear

Question 34

describe bursitis

Answer 34

result of increase fluid secretion into one or more bursae that is associated with inflammation of the synovial membranes and can be very painful and limit mobility

Question 35

What travels through the triangular space?

Answer 35

THe circumflex scapular artery