Leg Ankle Foot Misc.

Question 1

Describe the innervation of the dorsum of the foot

Answer 1

Most of the dorsum is innervated by branches of the superficial Fibular Nerve (L5, S1), except for a small triangular wedge between the first and second toe which is innervated by the deep fibular N.(L5)

Question 2

How does blood get to the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 2

The anterior tibial A. branches off of the popliteal artery and travels anteriorly through the proximal opening in the interosseus membranes into the anterior compartment.

Question 3

How do you palpate the anterior tibial artery?

Answer 3

Once it passes down onto the dorsal surface of the foot over the navicular bone, where it renamed the dorsalis pedis artery.

Question 4

Name the ligaments that make up the lateral ligament of the ankle

Answer 4

Calcneofibular, posterior talofibular, andterior talofibular. Resist excessive inversion/supination. Most commonly injured.

Question 5

Name the ligaments that make up the medial/ deltoid ligament of the ankle.

Answer 5

Posterior tibialtalar, anterior tibialtalar, calcaneotibial, Tabionavicular. resist excessive eversion/pronation

Question 6

What are the only two movements of the ankle?

Answer 6

Dorsi flexion and Plantar Flexion. NOT SUPINATION OR PRONATION

Question 7

Name the contents of the tarsal tunnel from superior to inferior

Answer 7

Tbialis posterior tendon, flexor digitorum longus tnedon, Posterior tibial artery, posterior tibial nerve, flexor hallicus longus tendon. (Tom, Dick , and Bloody, Harry)

Question 8

Name the three arches of the foot and what supports each of them.

Answer 8

medial longitudinal is reinforced by the spring ligament, the lateral longitudinal is reinforce by the long and short plantar ligaments, transverse is reinforced by the fibularis longus and brevis tendons.

Question 9

Name the joints of the foot.

Answer 9

Subtalar joint. Transverse tarsal joint (Calcaneous and talus with navicular and cuboid). tarsal metatarsal joints.

Question 10

What travels through the distal interosseous opening?

Answer 10

Allows passage of the perforating branch of the fibular artery into the anterior compartment of the leg

Question 11

Where does the IT band insert?

Answer 11

Gerdy’s Tubercle located on the lateral tibial plateau.(injured often in runners)

Question 12

What two muscles must work in concert to dorsiflex the foot without either supination or pronation?

Answer 12

The Fibularis Terrius and The Tibialis anterior

Question 13

Where does the plantaris originate from?

Answer 13

The lateral femoral condyle two joint muscle

Question 14

What is the tibial nerve sensory to what is it motor to?

Answer 14

It is motor to ALL muscles in the posterior crural compartment and all muscles on the plantar surface of the foot. It is sensory to the skin on the sole of the foot

Question 15

Describe shin splints

Answer 15

Medial tibial stress syndrome. Results from muscle overuse. localized tenderness can be accompanied by sensory loss over the 4th toe.

Question 16

What is the main spinal root does the the deep fibular nerve contain fibers from for the anterior crural compartment?

Answer 16

L5

Question 17

What spinal root supplies the main innervation to the superficial posterior crural compartment

Answer 17

S1

Question 18

What ligament is most commonly injured in an inversion sprain?

Answer 18

The Anterior Talofibular

Question 19

What usually happens if the calcaneofibular ligament is involved in a sprain?

Answer 19

Evulsion of the lateral malleolus. Can disrupt th ecourse of the fibularis tendons and in young children can injure the growth plate of the fibula

Question 20

What is a pott’s fracture-dislocation?

Answer 20

Happens when the foot is everted and the deltoid ligament is torn. Often avulsion of the medial malleolus occurs. Lateral displacement of the talus and tibia result in a fractured fibula.

Question 21

What happens in tarsal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 21

The tibial nerve becomes compressed by the flexor retinaculum due to irritation and swelling of the tendons. Pain is usually localized over the medial malleolus and calcaneus.

Question 22

What are the roots of the common fibular nerve?

Answer 22

L4, L5, S1, S2,

Question 23

What causes FOOT DROP?

Answer 23

Poor dorsiflexion cause by a common fibular nerve lesion most typically L5. Can also be caused by trauma to the head of the fibula.

Question 24

What would an S1 root lesion cause

Answer 24

damage to plantar flexion muscles. TOE DRAG. difficulty toe walking

Question 25

What two bones does the spring ligament span?

Answer 25

Navicular and calcaneus

Question 26

What is the subtalar joint between?

Answer 26

The talus and the calcaneus.

Question 27

What is the transverse tarsal joint between?

Answer 27

the talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints

Question 28

What is the tarsometatarsal joints

Answer 28

Between the cuneiforms/cuboid and the metatarsals

Question 29

What joints participate in inversion and eversion of the foot?

Answer 29

Subtalar and transverse tarsal joints

Question 30

Describe the symptoms of club foot

Answer 30

Congenital foot deformity of the subtalar joint. The foot is inverted and plantarflexed with adduction of the metatarsals and phalanges. All weight is forced to lateral aspect of the foot

Question 31

Describe Hallux Valgus

Answer 31

Lateral deviation of the big toe. The metatarsal deviates medially and the phallanges laterally. A bunion commonly occurs at the MP joint. excessive eversion, caused by genes or biomechanical imbalances

Question 32

Describe osgood Schlatters

Answer 32

The bones of a young active child grow faster than the muscles. The resulting tension on the patellar tenton can cause an evulsion of the tibial tuberosity and associated swelling.

Question 33

What are the roots of the superficial fibular nerve?

Answer 33

L5, S1

Question 34

What are the roots of the deep fibular nerve?

Answer 34

L5

Question 35

Describe a Maisonneuve Fracture

Answer 35

Results from external rotation force to the ankle, with transmission of that force through interosseous membrane and exit through a proximal fibular fracture. Widening of tibiotalar joint.

Question 36

Describe Pes Planus or flat feet

Answer 36

weakness of medial longitudinal arch and spring ligament. head of talus moves inferiorly and arch is flattend and tarsals and metatarsal are deviated laterally. Patients experience pain due to excessive stain and pressure on the muscles and bones of the foot because of inappropriate weight transfer when walking.