Leg Ankle Foot Misc. Flashcards
Describe the innervation of the dorsum of the foot
Most of the dorsum is innervated by branches of the superficial Fibular Nerve (L5, S1), except for a small triangular wedge between the first and second toe which is innervated by the deep fibular N.(L5)
How does blood get to the anterior compartment of the leg?
The anterior tibial A. branches off of the popliteal artery and travels anteriorly through the proximal opening in the interosseus membranes into the anterior compartment.
How do you palpate the anterior tibial artery?
Once it passes down onto the dorsal surface of the foot over the navicular bone, where it renamed the dorsalis pedis artery.
Name the ligaments that make up the lateral ligament of the ankle
Calcneofibular, posterior talofibular, andterior talofibular. Resist excessive inversion/supination. Most commonly injured.
Name the ligaments that make up the medial/ deltoid ligament of the ankle.
Posterior tibialtalar, anterior tibialtalar, calcaneotibial, Tabionavicular. resist excessive eversion/pronation
What are the only two movements of the ankle?
Dorsi flexion and Plantar Flexion. NOT SUPINATION OR PRONATION
Name the contents of the tarsal tunnel from superior to inferior
Tbialis posterior tendon, flexor digitorum longus tnedon, Posterior tibial artery, posterior tibial nerve, flexor hallicus longus tendon. (Tom, Dick , and Bloody, Harry)
Name the three arches of the foot and what supports each of them.
medial longitudinal is reinforced by the spring ligament, the lateral longitudinal is reinforce by the long and short plantar ligaments, transverse is reinforced by the fibularis longus and brevis tendons.
Name the joints of the foot.
Subtalar joint. Transverse tarsal joint (Calcaneous and talus with navicular and cuboid). tarsal metatarsal joints.
What travels through the distal interosseous opening?
Allows passage of the perforating branch of the fibular artery into the anterior compartment of the leg
Where does the IT band insert?
Gerdy’s Tubercle located on the lateral tibial plateau.(injured often in runners)
What two muscles must work in concert to dorsiflex the foot without either supination or pronation?
The Fibularis Terrius and The Tibialis anterior
Where does the plantaris originate from?
The lateral femoral condyle two joint muscle
What is the tibial nerve sensory to what is it motor to?
It is motor to ALL muscles in the posterior crural compartment and all muscles on the plantar surface of the foot. It is sensory to the skin on the sole of the foot
Describe shin splints
Medial tibial stress syndrome. Results from muscle overuse. localized tenderness can be accompanied by sensory loss over the 4th toe.
What is the main spinal root does the the deep fibular nerve contain fibers from for the anterior crural compartment?
L5
What spinal root supplies the main innervation to the superficial posterior crural compartment
S1
What ligament is most commonly injured in an inversion sprain?
The Anterior Talofibular
What usually happens if the calcaneofibular ligament is involved in a sprain?
Evulsion of the lateral malleolus. Can disrupt th ecourse of the fibularis tendons and in young children can injure the growth plate of the fibula
What is a pott’s fracture-dislocation?
Happens when the foot is everted and the deltoid ligament is torn. Often avulsion of the medial malleolus occurs. Lateral displacement of the talus and tibia result in a fractured fibula.
What happens in tarsal tunnel syndrome?
The tibial nerve becomes compressed by the flexor retinaculum due to irritation and swelling of the tendons. Pain is usually localized over the medial malleolus and calcaneus.
What are the roots of the common fibular nerve?
L4, L5, S1, S2,
What causes FOOT DROP?
Poor dorsiflexion cause by a common fibular nerve lesion most typically L5. Can also be caused by trauma to the head of the fibula.
What would an S1 root lesion cause
damage to plantar flexion muscles. TOE DRAG. difficulty toe walking
What two bones does the spring ligament span?
Navicular and calcaneus
What is the subtalar joint between?
The talus and the calcaneus.
What is the transverse tarsal joint between?
the talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints
What is the tarsometatarsal joints
Between the cuneiforms/cuboid and the metatarsals
What joints participate in inversion and eversion of the foot?
Subtalar and transverse tarsal joints
Describe the symptoms of club foot
Congenital foot deformity of the subtalar joint. The foot is inverted and plantarflexed with adduction of the metatarsals and phalanges. All weight is forced to lateral aspect of the foot
Describe Hallux Valgus
Lateral deviation of the big toe. The metatarsal deviates medially and the phallanges laterally. A bunion commonly occurs at the MP joint. excessive eversion, caused by genes or biomechanical imbalances
Describe osgood Schlatters
The bones of a young active child grow faster than the muscles. The resulting tension on the patellar tenton can cause an evulsion of the tibial tuberosity and associated swelling.
What are the roots of the superficial fibular nerve?
L5, S1
What are the roots of the deep fibular nerve?
L5
Describe a Maisonneuve Fracture
Results from external rotation force to the ankle, with transmission of that force through interosseous membrane and exit through a proximal fibular fracture. Widening of tibiotalar joint.
Describe Pes Planus or flat feet
weakness of medial longitudinal arch and spring ligament. head of talus moves inferiorly and arch is flattend and tarsals and metatarsal are deviated laterally. Patients experience pain due to excessive stain and pressure on the muscles and bones of the foot because of inappropriate weight transfer when walking.
