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Anatomy > The Shoulder Joint > Flashcards

The Shoulder Joint Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the shoulder joint?

A

Synovial ball and socket joint

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2
Q

How many degrees of freedom is the shoulder joint capable of?

A

3

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3
Q

What movements can occur at the shoulder joint?

A

Flexion/extension
Abduction/adduction
Medial/lateral rotation
Elevation of the arm
Circumspection (combination of movements)

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4
Q

Why is there a scapula plane in the shoulder joint?

A

Scapula doesn’t always sit absolutely on the frontal/coronal plane

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5
Q

Which two joints does full elevation require movement from?

A

Glenohumeral joint
Scapulothoracic joint

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6
Q

Name the rotator cuff muscles

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

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7
Q

What are the two heads of Pectoralis major?

A

Medial 1/3 of the anterior aspect of the clavicle
From manubrium and sternum onto the costal cartilages

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8
Q

Where does Pectoralis major insert?

A

Lateral lip of intertubercular groove

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9
Q

What is the nerve supply of Pectoralis major?

A

Medial and lateral pectoral nerves C5-8

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10
Q

What are the actions of the clavicular head of Pectoralis major?

A

Flexion
Adduction and medial rotation of humerus

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11
Q

What are the actions of the sternocostal head of Pectoralis major?

A

Extends the arm against resistance from the fully fixed position to neutral
Adduction and medial rotation of humerus

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12
Q

Where does latissumus dorsi originate?

A

Thoracolumbar fascia from spinous processes of T6-T12 and all lumbar and sacral vertebrae
Illiac crest
Lower 4 ribs and inferior angle of scapula

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13
Q

What is the thoracolumbar fascia?

A

A very tough band of connective tissue

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14
Q

Where does latissimus dorsi insert?

A

Floor of intertubercular grove (under the long head of bicep femoris)

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15
Q

What is the nerve supply of latissimus dorsi?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve C6,7,8

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16
Q

What are the actions of latissimus dorsi?

A

Extension (from full flexion/elevation to full extension), medial rotation and adduction of humerus

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17
Q

Where do the anterior fibres of the deltoid muscle originate?

A

Distal 1/3 of anterior clavicle

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18
Q

Where do the middle fibres of deltoid muscle originate?

A

Acromion (all the lateral edge of the acromion)

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19
Q

Where do the posterior fibres of the deltoid muscle originate?

A

Lateral 1/3 of the spine of the scapula

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20
Q

Where does the deltoid muscle insert?

A

Deltoid tuberosity on the mid shaft of the humerus

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21
Q

What is the nerve supply of deltoid muscle?

A

Axiliary nerve C5,6

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22
Q

What are the actions of the anterior fibres of deltoid on humerus?

A

Flexion and medial rotation

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23
Q

What are the actions of the middle fibres of deltoid on the humerus?

A

Abduction

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24
Q

What are the actions of the posterior fibres of deltoid on humerus?

A

Extension and lateral rotation

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25
Q

Where does coracobrachialis originate?

A

Tip of coracoid process

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26
Q

Where does coracobrachialis insert?

A

Mid-shaft of humerus

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27
Q

What is the nerve supply of coracobrachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve C5-6

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28
Q

What are the actions of coracobrachialis?

A

Weak adductor and weak flexor of arm

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29
Q

Where does Teres major originate?

A

Inferior angle of scapula (and a little bit of the lateral border of the scapula)

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30
Q

Where does Teres major insert?

A

Medial lip of intertubercular groove

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31
Q

What is the nerve supply of Teres major?

A

Lower scapular nerve C5-6

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32
Q

What are the actions of Teres major?

A

Adduction and medial rotation of arm
Assists extension of flexed arm

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33
Q

What is the origin of Teres minor?

A

Upper part of lateral border of scapula (above inferior angle)

34
Q

Where does Teres minor insert?

A

Lowermost facet on the greater tubercle of humerus

35
Q

What is the nerve supply of Teres minor?

A

Axillary nerve C5,6

36
Q

What are the actions of Teres minor?

A

Lateral rotation, weak extension and weak adduction of arm

37
Q

What is the origin of subscapularis?

A

Subscapular fossa

38
Q

Where does subscapularis insert?

A

Lesser tubercle of humerus

39
Q

What is the nerve supply of subscapularis?

A

Upper and lower subscapularis nerve C5-7

40
Q

What is the action of subscapularis?

A

Powerful medial rotation of the arm

41
Q

Where does supraspinatus originate?

A

Supraspinous fossa of scapula

42
Q

Where does supraspinatus insert?

A

Uppermost facet on greater tubercle of humerus

43
Q

What is the nerve supply of supraspinatus?

A

Suprascapular nerve C5-6

44
Q

What is the action of supraspinatus?

A

Assists abduction - initiating the first 20 degrees

45
Q

Where does infraspinatus originate?

A

Infraspinous fossa of scapula (on dorsal aspect of scapula)

46
Q

Where does infraspinatus insert?

A

Middle facet on greater tubercle of humerus

47
Q

What is the nerve supply of infraspinatus?

A

Suprascapular nerve C5-6

48
Q

What are the actions of infraspinatus?

A

Lateral rotation and adduction of arm

49
Q

What does the rotator cuff do?

A

Stabilises the glenohumeral joint through force couples in both coronal and transverse plane

50
Q

Where does the short head of biceps brachii originate?

A

Coracoid process

51
Q

Where does the long head of biceps brachii originate?

A

Tubercle above Glenn is fossa

52
Q

Where does biceps brachii insert?

A

Tuberosity of the radius
There is a bicipatal aponeurosis to soft tissue in the medial aspect of the proximal forearm

53
Q

What is the nerve supply of biceps brachii?

A

Musculo-cutaneous nerve C5,6

54
Q

What are the actions of biceps brachii?

A

Weak flexion of shoulder
Powerful flexion of elbow
Supination of radio-ulnar joint

55
Q

How many heads does triceps brachii have?

A

3 (long, lateral and medial)

56
Q

Where does the long head of triceps brachii originate?

A

Infra-glenoid tubercle

57
Q

Where does the lateral head of triceps brachii originate?

A

Upper part of posterior surface of humerus

58
Q

Where does the medial head of triceps brachii originate?

A

Lower part of posterior surface of humerus

59
Q

Where does triceps brachii insert?

A

Posterior surface of olecranon of ulna

60
Q

What is the nerve supply of triceps brachii?

A

Radial nerve C6,7,8

61
Q

What are the actions of triceps brachii?

A

Extends the elbow
Long head adducts and extends shoulder

62
Q

What causes shoulder joint instability?

A

Shallow glenoid fossa
Large head of humerus
Loose articular capsule

63
Q

What are the solutions to shoulder joint instability?

A

Glenoid labrum deepens the glenoid fossa
Ligaments
Rotator cuff muscles

64
Q

What is the axilla?

A

A body space also known as your armpits

65
Q

What creates the anterior border of the axilla?

A

Inner aspect of Pectoralis major muscle

66
Q

What creates the lateral border of the axilla?

A

Costal surface of scapula with subscapularis

67
Q

What creates the medial border of the axilla?

A

Serratus anterior muscle

68
Q

What are the contents of the axilla?

A

Neuromuscular bundle
Brachial plexus
Axillary artery and Axillary vein

69
Q

What is another name for the intertubercular groove?

A

Bicipital groove

70
Q

What are the borders of the axilla?

A

Subscapularis
Pectoralis major
Serratus anterior

71
Q

What are the prime movers for flexion of arm?

A

Anterior deltoid
Pectoralis major
Biceps brachii

72
Q

What are the prime movers for extension of the arm?

A

Posterior deltoid
Latissimus dorsi
Long head of triceps

73
Q

What are the prime movers for abduction of arm?

A

Deltoid
Supraspinatus

74
Q

What are the prime movers for adduction of the arm?

A

Latissimus dors
Pectoralis major
Coracobrachialis

75
Q

What are the prime movers for medial rotation of the arm?

A

Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Subscapularis

76
Q

What are the prime movers for lateral rotation of the arm?

A

Infraspinatus
Teres minor

77
Q

What does the proximal end of the humerus articulate with?

A

Scapula

78
Q

Where is the intertubercular sulcus of humerus?

A

Between the greater and lesser tubercle

79
Q

What is the surgical neck of the humerus?

A

An area of the body where when you fall on an outstretched hand, its common to have injures and fractions in this region

80
Q

What is the coronoid fossa?

A

A depression which in full elbow flexion will be occupied by part of the coronoid process

81
Q

What is the articular surface of the glenohumeral joint covered in?

A

Hyaline cartilage

82
Q

Name the capsular ligaments of the glenohumeral joint

A

Superior glenohumeral
Middle glenohumeral
Inferior glenohumeral
Transverse numeral

Anatomy (15 decks)

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