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Anatomy > Introduction To Appendicular Anatomy > Flashcards

Introduction To Appendicular Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the anatomical position used for?

A

A position used as a reference when describing parts of the body in relation to each other

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2
Q

Describe the anatomical position

A

Standing upright
Feet slightly apart
Palms facing forward

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3
Q

What does anterior mean?

A

In front of or the front surface of

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4
Q

What is another word for anterior?

A

Ventral

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5
Q

What does posterior mean?

A

Towards the back of or on the back surface of

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6
Q

What is another word for posterior?

A

Dorsal

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7
Q

What does medial mean?

A

Towards the midline

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8
Q

What does lateral mean?

A

Away from the midline or to the outer side of

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9
Q

What does superior mean?

A

Towards the head or above

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10
Q

What does superficial mean?

A

On or near to the surface

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11
Q

What does deep mean?

A

Below the surface and covered

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12
Q

What does inferior mean?

A

Towards the feet or below

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13
Q

What does cephalad mean?

A

Towards the head

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14
Q

What does caudal mean?

A

Towards the tail or feet

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15
Q

What does proximal mean?

A

Nearer to the centre or midline
Closer to the point of origin or body

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16
Q

What does distal mean?

A

Further from the centre or midline
Further from the point of origin or body

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17
Q

What is a Sagittal plane?

A

A vertical plane, from front to back that divides the body or any of its parts into right and left portions

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18
Q

What is a median plane?

A

A plane that divides the body into equal halves (through the nose and through the centre)

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19
Q

What is another word for the frontal plane?

A

Coronal plane

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20
Q

What is the frontal plane?

A

A vertical plane from side to side that divides the body or any of its parts into front and back

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21
Q

What is the transverse plane?

A

A horizontal plane, from front to back and side to side that divides the body or any of its parts into upper and lower portions

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22
Q

What is the plane of movement?

A

The imaginary surface over which the mobile segment passes
E.g. legs move on a sagittal plane ( they go from front to back)

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23
Q

What is the axis of movement?

A

An imaginary point or line, on the surface around which the movement occurs

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24
Q

What angle are the plane of movement and the axis to each other?

A

90 degrees
The axis and plane are always right angles to each other

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25
Q

What is the alternate name for the sagittal plane?

A

Median

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26
Q

What is the alternate name for the frontal plane?

A

Coronal

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27
Q

What is the alternate name for the horizontal plane?

A

Transverse

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28
Q

Flexion/ extension occurs about which plane and axis?

A

Sagittal plane and a coronal axis

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29
Q

Abduction/adduction occurs about which plane and axis?

A

A coronal plane and a sagittal axis

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30
Q

Medial and lateral rotation occurs about which plane and axis?

A

A transverse plane and vertical axis

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31
Q

Give some examples of flexion

A

Moving the palm upwards from the anatomical position
Bicep curl
Raising arm above head
Kicking leg upwards
Bringing heel towards the bum

32
Q

Give some examples of extension

A

Moving palm backwards

33
Q

What is the difference between abduction and adduction?

A

Abduction is moving away
Adduction is returning

34
Q

What is the radius of the wrist?

A

Radius bone supports thumb side of the forearm

35
Q

What is the ulna of the wrist?

A

Ulna bone supports little finger side of the forearm

36
Q

What is radial deviation?

A

Hand tilts towards the thumb

37
Q

What is ulnar deviation?

A

Hand tilts toward the little finger

38
Q

What can ulnar deviation and radial deviation also be called if in the anatomical position?

A

Adduction and abduction

39
Q

Which two fingers can only truly oppose each other?

A

Little finger and thumb

40
Q

What is dorsiflexion?

A

The upward movement of toe towards calf

41
Q

What is plantarflexion?

A

The downward movement, pointing the toe

42
Q

How will full pronation place the palm of the hand?

A

Facing downwards to the floor

43
Q

At 90 degree flexion at the elbow, supination in the forearm results in the palm of the hand facing in which direction?

A

Upwards

44
Q

Supination in the foot is a combination of what?

A

Plantar flexion, inversion and adduction

45
Q

Pronation in the foot and ankle region is a combination of what?

A

Dorsiflexion, abduction and eversion

46
Q

What is radial deviation at the wrist the same as?

A

Abduction

47
Q

What is ulnar deviation in the wrist the same as?

A

Adduction

48
Q

What are the 5 main categories of bones?

A

Long bones
Short bones
Flat bones
Irregular bones
Sesamoid bones

49
Q

What are long bones?

A

Long bones are hard, dense bones that provide strength, structure and mobility, typically found in the upper and lower extremities

50
Q

Give and example of a long bone

A

Clavicle
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Metacarpus
Phalanges
Metatarsus
Fibula
Tibia
Femur

51
Q

What are short bones?

A

Short bones are designated as those bones that are as wide as they are long. Their primary function is to provide support and stability with little to no movement

52
Q

Name two short bones

A

Carpus and tarsus

53
Q

What are flat bones?

A

Flat bones are bones whose principle function is either extensive protection or the provision of broad surfaces for muscular attachment

54
Q

Name a flat bone

A

Lacrimal
Nasal
Vomer
Hip
Pelvis
Rib
Sternum
Scapula
Occipital
Frontal
Parietal

55
Q

Name an irregular bone

A

Ethmoid
Palatine
Inferior nasal concha
Hyoid
Coccyx
Sacrum
Vertebrae
Mandible
Maxilla
Zygomatic
Temporal
Sphenoid

56
Q

What shape is a sesamoid bone?

A

Normally a small pea shaped bone

57
Q

What is a sesamoid bone?

A

A bone embedded within a tendon or a muscle. Sesamoid act like pulleys, providing a smooth surface for tendons to slide over, increasing the tendons ability to transmit muscular forces

58
Q

What is the largest sesamoid bone in the body?

A

Patella

59
Q

What is the articulate surface?

A

Where bones meet in a joint

60
Q

What is the spine of a bone?

A

A sharp slender process

61
Q

What is the head of a bone?

A

The prominent rounded bony end

62
Q

What is the neck of a bone?

A

The segment between the head and shaft of a bone
(As soon as cartilage stops it goes from being head to neck)

63
Q

What is a condyle?

A

A rounded knob

64
Q

What is an epicondyle?

A

A small projection on a condyle

65
Q

What is a tubercle?

A

A small rounded process

66
Q

What is a crest?

A

A narrow ridge

67
Q

What is a process of a bone?

A

A marked bony prominence

68
Q

What is a line of a bone?

A

It refers to a long, thin projection, often with a rough surface

69
Q

What is a groove?

A

A furrow in the bone surface that runs along the length of a vessel or nerve, providing space to avoid compression by adjacent muscle or external forces

70
Q

What is the angle of a bone?

A

A change in border direction

71
Q

What is the trochanter of a bone?

A

A large process

72
Q

What is tuberosity of a bone?

A

A large rounded process

73
Q

What is foremen of a bone?

A

A rounded opening through bone

74
Q

What is fossa?

A

A shallow/flattened surface

75
Q

What is the fovea of a bone?

A

A small pit or depression

76
Q

What is the sulcus of a bone?

A

A groove accommodating a vessel/tendon or nerve

77
Q

What is the ramus of the bone?

A

The curved part of the bone that gives structural support to the rest of the bone

Anatomy (15 decks)

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