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Anatomy > The Hip And Pelvis > Flashcards

The Hip And Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

What makes the hip strong?

A

-articulate surface congruency (congruent in all positions)
-strong ligaments around the joint
-strong muscles

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2
Q

What is the closed-pack position of the hip?

A

-maximum extension
-medial rotataion
-abduction

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3
Q

What is the open-packed position of the hip joint?

A

-slight flexion
-abduction
-lateral rotation

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4
Q

What are active ranges of movement?

A

The movement range of a joint undertaken by the person themselves

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5
Q

What are passive ranges of movement?

A

The same physiological movement as active but with no effort of the person (all done by a therapist)

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6
Q

What movements can occur from the hip joint?

A

Flexion/extension
Abduction/adduction
Medial rotation/lateral rotation

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7
Q

What is an accessory movement?

A

A movement that a person can’t perform actively, but which can be performed on that person by an external force

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8
Q

What accessory movements are available at the hip?

A

Longitudinal Caudad (pulling leg to tail)
Distraction (taking the head of the femur out of the acetabulum
Antero-posterior (gliding backwards)
Posters-anterior (gliding forwards)

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9
Q

What are the names of the muscles responsible for hip flexion?

A

Psoas Major
Sartorius
Illiacus
Pectineus
Rectus femoris
Gracillis

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10
Q

What are the names of the muscles responsible for hip extension?

A

Gluteus maximus
Adductor Magnas (ext part)
Biceps femoris
Semimembranosius
Semitendinosus

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11
Q

What are the names of the muscles responsible for hip abduction?

A

Gluteus Med and Min
Sartorius
TFL
Piriformis

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12
Q

What are the names of the muscles responsible for hip adduction?

A

Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor Magnus
Pectineus
Gracilis

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13
Q

What are the names of the muscles responsible for medial rotation?

A

Gluteus Med and Min
TFL
Adductor Magnus

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14
Q

What are the names of the muscles responsible for hip lateral rotation?

A

Gluteus Maximus
Piriformis
Obturator Int and ext
Gemellus Superior and Inferior
Quadratus Femoris
Sartorius

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15
Q

What two muscles make up Ilio-Psoas

A

Illiacus and Psoas-Major

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16
Q

What is special about Ilio-Psoas?

A

It is a conjoined muscle

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17
Q

Where is the origin of Iliacus?

A

Iliac fossa (not extending onto the iliac crest)

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18
Q

Where is the origin of Psoas-Major?

A

Transverse processes T12-L4

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19
Q

Where does Ilio-Psoas insert?

A

The lesser trochanter

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20
Q

What action does the Ilio-Psoas provide?

A

Hip flexion/ trunk flexion at hip
(Trunk flexion occurs when feet are in fixed position)

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21
Q

What is the innervation of a muscle?

A

The supply or distribution of nerve fibres to any part of the body

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22
Q

What is the innervation of Ilio-Psoas?

A

L2-L3

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23
Q

Where is the origin of the Pectineus?

A

Superior pubic rami

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24
Q

Where does the Pectineus insert?

A

Lesser trochanter to the proximal aspect of linea aspera

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25
Q

What actions does the Pectineus partake in?

A

It flexes and adducts the thigh

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26
Q

What is the innervation of the Pectineus?

A

Femoral Nerve L2-L4

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27
Q

What type of muscle is the Rectus femoris?

A

A bipennate muscle

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28
Q

Where is the origin of the long head of the Rectus Femoris?

A

AIIS

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29
Q

Where is the origin of the short head of the Rectus Femoris?

A

Ilium above acetabulum

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30
Q

Where is the insertion of the Rectus femoris?

A

Quadriceps tendon of the patella

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31
Q

What is the action of the Rectus femoris?

A

Extends the knee and flexes the hip

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32
Q

What is the innervation of the Rectus femoris?

A

Femoral nerve L2-L4

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33
Q

What does Sartorius look like?

A

It is a long strap like muscle

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34
Q

Where does Sartorius originate from?

A

ASIS

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35
Q

Where does Sartorius insert?

A

Antero-medial surface of the proximal tibia

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36
Q

What are the actions of Sartorius?

A

Flexes, abducts and laterally rotates the thigh
Medially rotates the flexed knee

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37
Q

What is the innervation of Sartorius?

A

Femoral nerve L2-L3

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38
Q

Where is the origin of the Gluteus Maximus?

A

Outer surface of Posterior ilium sacrum and coccyx

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39
Q

Where does the Gluteus Maximus insert?

A

Iliotibial band, gluteal tuberosity of femur (on the posterior aspect of the femur)

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40
Q

What is the action of the Gluteus Maximus?

A

Extension of the trunk and thigh, lateral rotation of the thigh

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41
Q

What is the innervation of the Gluteus Maximus?

A

Inferior Gluteal nerve L5, S1-S2

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42
Q

What is the prone position?

A

When you are laying on your stomach

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43
Q

Where is the origin of the long head of the Biceps Femoris?

A

Ischial tuberosity

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44
Q

Where is the origin of the short head of the Biceps Femoris?

A

Linea aspera and lateral supracondylar ridge

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45
Q

Where does the Biceps Femoris insert?

A

Head of the fibular, lateral tibial condyle

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46
Q

What is the action of the Biceps Femoris?

A

Flexes and laterally rotates the knee
The long head extends the hip

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47
Q

What is the innervation of Biceps femoris?

A

Sciatic nerve L5, S1-S3

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48
Q

Where is the origin of the Semitendinosus?

A

Ischial tuberosity

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49
Q

Where does the Semitendinosus insert?

A

Medial surface of the proximal tibia

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50
Q

What is the action of the Semitendinosus?

A

Extends the hip
Flexes and medially rotates the knee

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51
Q

What is the innervation of Semitendinosus?

A

Sciatic nerve L5, S1, S2

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52
Q

What does the Semitendinosus sit on top of?

A

Semimembranosus

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53
Q

Where does the Semimembranosus originate from?

A

Ischial tuberosity

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54
Q

Where does Semimembranosus insert?

A

Posterior aspect of the medial tibial condyle

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55
Q

What is the action of the Semimembranosus?

A

Extends the hip, flexes and medially rotates the knee

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56
Q

What is the innervation of the Semimembranosus?

A

Sciatic nerve L5, S1, S2

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57
Q

What is the most powerful hip abductor?

A

Gluteus medius

58
Q

Where is the origin of the Gluteus Medius?

A

Outer surface of the ilium ( just short of the iliac crest)

59
Q

Where does the Gluteus Medius insert?

A

Lateral greater trochanter

60
Q

What is the action of the Gluteus Medius?

A

Abducts and medially rotates the pelvis (this is does by the anterior fibres)

61
Q

What is the innovation of the Gluteus Medius?

A

Superior Gluteal Nerve L4, L5, S1

62
Q

Where is the Gluteus Minimus in comparison to the Gluteus medius?

A

Immediately deep to the Gluteus Medius

63
Q

Where is the origin of the Gluteus Minimus?

A

Outer surface of the ilium

64
Q

Where does the Gluteus Minimus insert?

A

Anterior surface of greater trochanter

65
Q

What is the action of the Gluteus Minimus?

A

Abducts and medially rotates the pelvis ( by anterior fibres)

66
Q

What is the innervation of the Gluteus Minimus?

A

Superior Gluteal nerve L4-L5, S1

67
Q

Where is the origin of Tensor Fasciae Latae?

A

ASIS and lateral iliac crest

68
Q

Where does tensor Fasciae Latae insert via?

A

Iliotibial band and Gerdy’s tubercle lateral aspect proximal tibia

69
Q

What is the action of Tensor Fascia’s Latae?

A

Flexes and medially rotates the thigh

70
Q

What is the innervation of the Tensor Fasciae Latae?

A

Superior Gluteal nerve L4, L5, S1

71
Q

Where is the origin of Piriformis?

A

Internal surface of sacrum and gluteal surface of ilium

72
Q

Where does Piriformis insert?

A

Greater trochanter

73
Q

What is the action of Piriformis?

A

Lateral/external rotation and abduction of the flexed hip

74
Q

What is the nerve supply for Piriformis?

A

1st and 2nd sacral nerves

75
Q

Which nerve is Piriformis in close relation to?

A

Sciatic nerve

76
Q

What prevents full hip extension?

A

Passive insufficiency of the hamstrings

77
Q

How is Pes Anserinus formed?

A

Sartorius has a common insertion in the anterior-medial aspect of the proximal tibia with Gracilis and Semitendinosus to form Pes Anserinus

78
Q

Where is the origin of Rectus Femoris?

A

It has two proximal heads, one inserts to a roughened area on the acetabulum the other is to the AIIS

79
Q

What issues is Pisiform associated with?

A

Issues with the sciatic nerve

80
Q

Where are the origins of adductor Magnus?

A

Inferior pubic ramus (anterior) and Ischial tuberosity (posterior)

81
Q

Where does adductor Magnus insert?

A

Linea aspera and adductor tubercle

82
Q

What are the actions of adductor magnus?

A

Superior part adducts, medically rotates and flexes the thigh
Inferior part adducts, laterally rotates and extends

83
Q

What are the innervation of adductor Magnus?

A

Obturator nerve L3, L4
Sciatic nerve

84
Q

Why is there a small hiatus in adduction Magnus?

A

To allow a neuromuscular bundle to travel between the anterior and posterior aspect of the thigh

85
Q

What is the origin of adductor longus?

A

Body of the pubis

86
Q

Where are the insertions of adductor longus?

A

Middle 2/3 of linea aspera

87
Q

What are the actions of adductor longus?

A

Adducts and medially rotates the thigh

88
Q

What is the innervation of adductor longus?

A

Obturator nerve L3 L4

89
Q

Where is adductor brevis in comparison to adductor longus?

A

Deep to adductor longus

90
Q

Where is adductor brevis in comparison to adductor longus?

A

Superficial

91
Q

Where is the origin of adductor brevis?

A

Inferior pubic ramus

92
Q

Where are the insertions of adductor brevis?

A

Lesser trochanter to proximal linea aspera

93
Q

What are the actions of adductor brevis?

A

Adducts and medially rotates the thigh

94
Q

What is the innervation of adductor brevis?

A

Obturator L3 L4

95
Q

Where is the origin of Gracilis?

A

Inferior ramus of pubis

96
Q

Where does Gracilis insert?

A

Upper aspect of medial shaft of tibia

97
Q

What are the actions of gracilis?

A

Medically rotates and adducts the hip
Flexes and medically rotates the knee

98
Q

What is the innervation of gracilis?

A

Obturator nerve L3, L4

99
Q

Name the 6 deep and short rotator muscles of the hip

A

Piriformis
Obturator Internus
Obturator Externus
Gemellus Superior
Gemellus Inferior
Quadratus Femoris

100
Q

Name the 5 hip flexors

A

Ilio-Psoas
Sartorius
Pectineus
Rectus femoris
Gracilis

101
Q

What limits hip flexion?

A

Apposition of soft tissue and tension in hamstrings

102
Q

Name the 5 hip extensors

A

Gluteus Maximus
Adductor Magnas (external part)
Biceps Femoris
Semimembranosius
Semitendinosus

103
Q

What limits hip extension?

A

All ligaments
Close pack position

104
Q

Name the 5 hip abductors

A

Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus
Sartorius
FL
Piriformis

105
Q

What are the limitations of hip abduction?

A

Pubofem/illiofemoral med band

106
Q

Name the 5 hip adductors

A

Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Pectineus
Gracilis

107
Q

What are the limitations of hip adduction?

A

Iliofem lat band and Teres

108
Q

What are the 4 hip medial rotators?

A

Gluteus medius
Gluteus Minimus
TFL
Adductor Magnus

109
Q

What limits hip medial rotation?

A

Ischiofem/post capsule

110
Q

What are the 8 hip lateral rotators?

A

Gluteus Maximus
Piriformis
Obturator Internus
Obturator Externus
Gemellus Superior
Gemellus Inferior
Quadriceps Femoris
Sartorius

111
Q

What limits hip lateral rotation?

A

Iliofem lat band

112
Q

Name the ligaments of the hip joint

A

illiofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament
Ischial ligament
Ligament Teres

113
Q

How many bands does the iliofemoral ligament have and what are there names?

A

Two bands -> superior and inferior

114
Q

Where is the origin of the iliofemoral ligament from?

A

AIIS

115
Q

Where do the iliofemoral ligaments descend to and cover?

A

The intertrochanteric line

116
Q

What are the functions of the Iliofemoral ligament?

A

Prevent unwanted movement and limit normal physiological movemnt

117
Q

What does the superior band of the iliofemoral ligament limit?

A

Extension and adduction

118
Q

What does the inferior band of the iliofemoral ligament limit?

A

Extension and abduction

119
Q

Where does the pubofemoral ligament come from?

A

Pubis

120
Q

Where does the pubofemoral ligament go to?

A

All of the intertrochanteric line deep to the superior, inferior bands of the iliofemoral ligament

121
Q

What is it called when the femoral neck inclination angle is increased?

A

Coxa valga

122
Q

What is it called when the femoral neck inclination angle is decreased?

A

Coxa Vara

123
Q

What is normal degree of femoral torsion?

A

12-15 degrees

124
Q

What is it called when the angle of femoral torsion is decreased?

A

Retroversion

125
Q

What is it called when the angle of femoral torsion is increased?

A

Anteversion

126
Q

What is the name of the ligament of the head of the femur?

A

Ligamentum Teres

127
Q

Describe the acetabulum of the hip joint

A

Acetabulum is the joint surface that faces infrolaterally and slightly anteriorly which receives the head of the femur
Lunate surface of hyaline cartilage-horseshoe shaped
Thickest above and centrally for weight bearing
Non articular region of acetabulum fossa and notch is covered with fat

128
Q

Describe the acetabular labrum of the hip joint

A

Fibrocartilaginous rim
Triangular in cross section

129
Q

Describe the structure of the head of the femur

A

Spheroid in shape, covered in hyaline cartilage
Thicker centrally than at the periphery
Cartilage is deficient over the fovea

130
Q

What movements does the pubofemoral ligament limit?

A

Extension and abduction

131
Q

Where does the ichiofemoral ligament come from?

A

The inferior aspect of the ischium

132
Q

Where does the ichiofemoral ligament go to?

A

The capsule and the anterior part of the greater trochanter deep to the iliofemoral ligament

133
Q

What movements does the ischiofemoral ligament limit?

A

Extension and medial rotation

134
Q

Where is the apex of Ligament Teres?

A

From a pit (fovea) in the head of the femur

135
Q

Where is the base of Ligament Teres?

A

Acetabular notch and transverse acetabular ligament

136
Q

What does the Inguinal ligament connect?

A

It connects the ASIS to the pubic tubercle

137
Q

Name 7 things that allow for hip joint stability

A

Strong surrounding ligaments
Cup shaped acetabulum
Deepened by the acetabular labrum
Strong capsule
Vacuum effect of ball within socket
Oblique angle of femoral neck
Arrangement of powerful surrounding muscles

138
Q

What is nutation?

A

The sacrum moves forward into the pelvis
This is the closed packed position of the SIJ

139
Q

What is counter nutation?

A

The sacrum moves backwards

140
Q

What is the interosseous sacro-iliac ligament?

A

Massive ligament forming the bond between ilium and sacrum (syndesmosis)

141
Q

Where is the Ventral sacro-iliac ligament found?

A

From lateral sacrum to the medial aspect of the ilium

142
Q

What are the functions of the Ventral Sacro-iliac ligament?

A

Thickening of the capsule
Provides anterior stability

Anatomy (15 decks)

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