the self Flashcards
william james
suality of self
the me : self as object that can be observed
the I :the observer
self-conscious
self-awarness
self-concept
the me
the conception of one’s self as physical,social,psychological,moral being
what I’m
self-esteem
global evaluation (positive vs negative) of one self
how I feel about myself
how can we describe the self?
personal characteristics
ascribed characteristics- what your born with
social and group identities
interests/activities
material possesion- I’m an owner of ….
abstract/existanceial-me, a person
how do we know a child had a sense of self?
linguistic marker
cognitive-behaviour marker
emotional marker
linguistic marker (age 18 moths)
self-refering (i,me,mine)
recognition of self accomplishments
narrative language use
cognitive - behavioral markers(18-24 months)
-immitation and role taking
-mirror self-recognition
-rouge test(paint in forehead)
what other animals have mirror self-recognition?
chimps,orangutans,gorillas
elephants
dolphins
humans
magpies
emotional marker(2.5-3 years old)
self concious emotions (guilt,shame,pride)
require ability to evaluate the self
empathy
looking glass self
our self is built upon how we see ourselves in other’s eyes (based on their behaviour)
I’m funny, because my friends laugh at my jokes
what are the people we most care about - self-esteem
casual aquences
multiple selves
multiple selves correspond to mutiple roles
we see ourselves differently in each social role
ex :I’m a daughter,student,worker,friend,sister
having multiple self leads to lower well-being and self-esteem
A highly differentiated self-concept
reflects psychological fragmentation and lack of
an integrated core self
self-esteem
affective componets : how we feel about ourselves
cognitive components:how we think about ourselves
measuring self-esteem
self-report scale
-similarity between actual and ideal self
-observer report
rosenberg self-esteem scale
1 to 5(strongly disagree to strongly agree)
i feel that i’m a person of worth (example)
longitudinal study
assed undergrads self-esteem (using Rosenberg scale)
1-begging of year 1
2-end of first semester
3-end of year 1,2,3,4
result
self-esteem droped by end of first semester
and it only improved after that (it was pretty stable between 2-3)
self-esteem throught life span
9-12 years old up
13-17 goes down(teen years)
18-13 bit more down (going to collage)
24-30 goes up
31-50 stable
51-70 goes way up
71 goes very very down
this was in a study online some limitations
sample selectivity
cross sectional design
self-esteem programs for kids : positive illusion
may be creating narcism not high self-esteem
people tell the kids they are doing well and they are greater when getting answers wrong
origins of narcism
-unrealistic expectations
-positive feedback without actually accomplishment
can positive illusion be harmfull
yes
-inflates pride and is easily wounded
-Media reports of adolescent killers
suggest that killers felt humiliated by
peers, suffered from wounded pride and
powerlessness
-Shame-rage spiral; shame may be
brought on by excessive pride
whats the process
When we are insulted and humiliated,
we feel shame – a painful emotion
that we want to avoid feeling at all
costs
* Narcissists are so dependent on their
inflated high self-esteem, they
externalize blame
Convert shame into anger, expressed as
aggression
Research suggests… Positive
Illusions are a “Mixed Blessing”
n the short term, positive illusions are
associated with:
– Psychological well-being and self-esteem
– Better performance on experimental tasks
* In the long term, positive illusions are
associated with:
– Decreasing levels of well-being and self-esteem
for university students, but not high school boys
– Disengagement from school and increased
likelihood of dropping out – for university
students
– Impact of positive illusions may vary by stage of
life
