measuring personality

Question 1

pre-scientific methods

Answer 1

-astrology
-physiognomy
-pheronology

Question 2

astrology

Answer 2

personality assesment based on birth date

Question 3

physiognomy

Answer 3

personality assessment based on the shape of body,particularly the face

Question 4

phrenology

Answer 4

personality assesment based on shape of skull

Question 5

Descriptive methods (4)

Answer 5

approches to study personality

LOTS
1.self-report
2.observer reports
3.test data
4.life history data

Question 6

1.Self-report

Answer 6

asking people questions about their belifs and behaviour

provided by subject

responses to questionnairs

Question 7

advantages

Answer 7

allows study of difficult- to-observe behaviours,thoughts and feelings

easy to distribute to large groups

Question 8

disadvantages

Answer 8

respondednts may not be representative

responsaes may be bias or untruthful
-just don’t know
-or want to look good

Question 9

2.observer report

Answer 9

observing behaviour of others

Question 10

who makes the observations ?

Answer 10

-parents,friends,teachers (questinair)

-trained observers

-untrained,participants observers

Question 11

advantages

Answer 11

-capture spontaneous behvaiour
-avoid bias of self-report

Question 12

disatvantages

Answer 12

resercher interference
rarity of some behaviours
observer bias
time consuming

Question 13

test data

Answer 13

assesing an individual’s abilities,cognitions,motivations,or behaviours, by observing their performance in a test situation

tests may be: physical,written or physiological

Question 14

physiological

Answer 14

heart rate,blood pressure,arousal etc.

Question 15

projective techniques

Answer 15

ex: the rorschach(inkblock)

perception of the stimulus revels something about mental state or personality

Question 16

advantages

Answer 16

allows measurment of characteristics not easily observable,or known to the participant

Question 17

disadvantage

Answer 17

must infer that the test measures what you think its measuring

Question 18

case study/life history

Answer 18

intensive examination of a single person or group

-obtained from life history:interviews,autobiography,criminal records, social media,diaries

Question 19

advantages

Answer 19

rich sources of hypothasis
allows for studies or rare behaviour

Question 20

disatvantage

Answer 20

observer bias
difficult to generelize
difficult to reconstruct causes from complexity of past events

Question 21

which traits are easier to predict in observation data

Answer 21

-openness
-conciencious
-extraversion

Question 22

evaluating personality measures

Answer 22

reliability: are you hitting the same spot each time ?

validity: are you hitting the actual bulls eyes?

Question 23

reliability

Answer 23

extent to which scores on the measure are stable and replicable vs amount of error or randomness in the measure

Question 24

validity

Answer 24

degree to which measures asses what it is supposed to assess

*bull eye analogy

Question 25

measuring validity

Answer 25

1.face validity 2.predictive validity 3.convergent validity 4.construct validity

Question 26

face validity

Answer 26

does it measure what you think it measures

Question 27

predictive validity

Answer 27

the ability of a test/or other measurment to predict a future outcome ex:iQ and intelligence

Question 28

convergent validity

Answer 28

relation to other measures of the same variable does the test data reports and self-report have the same result?

Question 29

construct validty#

Answer 29

does it meausre what you think is suppose to measure, does the way you evaluate your prediction acuratly, does your way of tests have the same result

Question 30

using multiple observers can

Answer 30

increse likehood of realibility and validity

Question 31

center of open science

Answer 31

founded to increse to openness,integraty ,and reproducibility of science research

Question 32

good reserch

Answer 32

is open reserch:material and data are shared publicity is methods that are strong and isolate questions of interest is powered research(big sample size)