measuring personality Flashcards

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1
Q

pre-scientific methods

A

-astrology
-physiognomy
-pheronology

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2
Q

astrology

A

personality assesment based on birth date

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3
Q

physiognomy

A

personality assessment based on the shape of body,particularly the face

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4
Q

phrenology

A

personality assesment based on shape of skull

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5
Q

Descriptive methods (4)

A

approches to study personality

LOTS
1.self-report
2.observer reports
3.test data
4.life history data

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6
Q

1.Self-report

A

asking people questions about their belifs and behaviour

provided by subject

responses to questionnairs

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7
Q

advantages

A

allows study of difficult- to-observe behaviours,thoughts and feelings

easy to distribute to large groups

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8
Q

disadvantages

A

respondednts may not be representative

responsaes may be bias or untruthful
-just don’t know
-or want to look good

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9
Q

2.observer report

A

observing behaviour of others

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10
Q

who makes the observations ?

A

-parents,friends,teachers (questinair)

-trained observers

-untrained,participants observers

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11
Q

advantages

A

-capture spontaneous behvaiour
-avoid bias of self-report

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12
Q

disatvantages

A

resercher interference
rarity of some behaviours
observer bias
time consuming

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13
Q

test data

A

assesing an individual’s abilities,cognitions,motivations,or behaviours, by observing their performance in a test situation

tests may be: physical,written or physiological

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14
Q

physiological

A

heart rate,blood pressure,arousal etc.

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15
Q

projective techniques

A

ex: the rorschach(inkblock)

perception of the stimulus revels something about mental state or personality

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16
Q

advantages

A

allows measurment of characteristics not easily observable,or known to the participant

17
Q

disadvantage

A

must infer that the test measures what you think its measuring

18
Q

case study/life history

A

intensive examination of a single person or group

-obtained from life history:interviews,autobiography,criminal records, social media,diaries

19
Q

advantages

A

rich sources of hypothasis
allows for studies or rare behaviour

20
Q

disatvantage

A

observer bias
difficult to generelize
difficult to reconstruct causes from complexity of past events

21
Q

which traits are easier to predict in observation data

A

-openness
-conciencious
-extraversion

22
Q

evaluating personality measures

A

reliability: are you hitting the same spot each time ?

validity: are you hitting the actual bulls eyes?

23
Q

reliability

A

extent to which scores on the measure are stable and replicable vs amount of error or randomness in the measure

24
Q

validity

A

degree to which measures asses what it is supposed to assess

*bull eye analogy

25
Q

measuring validity

A

1.face validity
2.predictive validity
3.convergent validity
4.construct validity

26
Q

face validity

A

does it measure what you think it measures

27
Q

predictive validity

A

the ability of a test/or other measurment to predict a future outcome

ex:iQ and intelligence

28
Q

convergent validity

A

relation to other measures of the same variable

does the test data reports and self-report have the same result?

29
Q

construct validty#

A

does it meausre what you think is suppose to measure, does the way you evaluate your prediction acuratly, does your way of tests have the same result

30
Q

using multiple observers can

A

increse likehood of realibility and validity

31
Q

center of open science

A

founded to increse to openness,integraty ,and reproducibility of science research

32
Q

good reserch

A

is open reserch:material and data are shared publicity

is methods that are strong and isolate questions of interest

is powered research(big sample size)