Psychoanalytic approch Flashcards
sigmund freud
founder of psychoanalysis
influenced : therapy/talk therapy ,philosophy , science ,gumanities:art,films,literature
the origin of freudian thory
viennese neurologist
-trained as a medical doctor,but more interested in research and understanding the mind
-worked with Dr.Breuer and developed the ‘‘Talking Cure’’
charcot’s histeria
women mental disorder with physical manifestations,
the case of Anna O.
patient of Dr.Breuer
numerous symptoms,contracted shortly after nursed her father (tuberculosis)
no physical causes
breur would talk with Anna each night,and founder her symptoms would improve the following day
anna’s case
after anna refused to drink for several weeks,she reveled to Breuer that she’d seen a dog drink from her water glass
the talking cure
step 1- allow for free association
step 2- talk with patient to reveal psychological anxiety/neuroism
step 3- patient has CATHARSIS - insight into their psychological problem
recent explanation of hysteria
-emotional centers of the brain activated
-inhibit motor centers of the brain from coordinating movement
recent explanation of hysteria
-emotional centers of the brain activated
-inhibit motor centers of the brain from coordinating movement
freud thory of personality *
psychoanalytic theory
psychoanalytic theory: assumptions
1-psychologica; determinism
-life/sex instinct
-death/agression instict
2 - importance of the unconcious
-dynamic process
-intrapsychic conflict (id,ego,superego)
4-defense mechanism
5-importance of early childhood experience
1- Determinism :basic instincts
Life-self preservation,sex
Death-agression,destruction
ex:do human seek death?
after world war 1, freud view death and destruction as insticts of human nature
- importance of unconciness
levels of consciousness
-pre-consious
-concious
-unconcious
pre-concious
easily retrived,but not currently on one’s mind
ex:what aet yesterday
counciousness
what you think right away
unconcious
repressed content of the mind
sexual and aggression instincts
carl Jung’s unconcious
student of Freud
disagreed about the depravity of the unconscious
-personal uncocious (freud)
-collective unconscious
contents of unconscious shared by all humanity,passed from ancestors
frud unconcius
id,ego,supergo
id
infacy
all drives and urges
plesure principle - immediate gratification
primary process thinking (illogical)- not bonded with reality
ego
developed at age 2
contrainthe id to reality
reality principle-direct expression of id impulses can lead to problems
avoids,redirects,postpone
secondary process thinking (logical)
superego
developed by age 5
internalize values, the morality of parents and society
-promotes guilt,shame, pride
-not set in reality (high standards)
conflict
our lives are constant negotiation of opposing impulses
id,ego and superego are always battling for control - this conflict causes anxiety
how do we cope with anxiety?
defense mechanism
-distort reality in some way
-must operate unconsiously
3-defense mechanism
-repression
repression
traumatic memories pushed out of awarness to avoid associated anxiety
-for frud to avoid sexual desires
-today to protect from childhood abuses and traumas
denial
convincing yourself that a traumatic event did not occur or was not traumatic
rationalization
generating acceptable,logical reasons for outcomes that otherwise would not be acceptable
displacment
threatening impulses or desires is redirecting onto another target
ex:being mad at your boss,taking it out in your partner
reaction formation
to stifle an unacceptable impulse, the exact opposite behaviour desires are displayed
ex:I’m mad at my girlfriend, I became really nice towards her
projection
seeing one’s own unactable qualities in others and disliking them for processing those qualities
ex: being insecure, I think anna being insecure is pathetic
sublimination
most adptive defense
-convert unnaceptable behaviour into acceptable ones
like being very angry and going to the gym
what did freud do for physchological science and personality reserch
-talking cure
-mind-body connection
-psych might influence behaviour,even when people are not aware of it
-case study method
conteporary physchonalitical reserch direction
modern view of repression
cognitive view of the unconscious
ego psychology
narcism
object relational theory
modern view of repression
repression was seen as unnaceptable thoughts pushed into the unconscious
but their are some doubt if memories recovered in therapy are real or false
-traumatic events are usually not repressed/they are remembered
-therapist can implant false memories in patients (confirmation bias) and as trusted authority patients may go along with it
modern view of the unconcious : motivated vs cognitive
motivated view: we bury hidden desires in the unconscious
cognitive view:information perceived may become unconscious and influence us - but it is not buried (priming)
modern view of the ego
anna frud,erik erikson, had a more complex view of ego
goal is to establish self-identity failure to do so creates identity crises
erikson 8 stages of development
differnces from freuds psychosexual development
cover the full life span
allows for development during latecy/adulthood
narcism
exagerated positive self-estem
narcism is a defense
narcissistic paradox
people who seem to think they’re greate may feel insecure underneath
narcism
grandiodity,dominance,entitlement,superiorty
excessive positive view of one self and negative view of others
what causes narcissim
parents over-idolize child,set up unrealistic expectations > while cretizing the child for failing to meet those unrealistic expectations > child feel humiliated > narcistic behaviour
narcism overconposate for insecurities by self-aggrandizing
narcism measuring
- Unrealistically positive beliefs about abilities
and achievements
– “I can make anybody believe anything I want them
to.” - Preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited
success, power, brilliance, and beauty
– “If I ruled the world it would be a much better place.” - Strong sense of entitlement
– “I will never be satisfied until I get all that I deserve.” - Grandiose sense of self-importance
– “I am an extraordinary person.
narcism in therapy
it is usually does not work because they do not belive they have a problem-they are perfect
narcisits
-Look in the mirror more frequently
* Take credit for their accomplishments but
blame others for their failures
* Self-promote more on social-networking
sites like Facebook
* Tend to adopt a ‘game-playing’ style in
relationships
* Become angry and aggressive in
response to failure or negative feedback
when narcisist had to rate teir performnece relative to others
they evaluate themselves even better after watching themselves participating in discussion(the opposite of non-narsistic people _
what are the two types of narcissist
Grandiose narcissist
Fragile narcissit
Grandiose narcissist
-exagerated sense of self-importance
-appears to feel privileged and entitled
-has little empathy
-tends to blame failures in others or circumstances
-tend to be critical of others
-tends to be controlling
-Has little psychological insight into own
motives, behavior, etc
Frangile narcissist
-tends to feel unhappy,depressed,or despondent
-tends to be critical of others
-has an exaggerated sense-of self importance
tends to feel anxious
tends to feel envious
is prone to painful feelings of emptiness
appears to feel priviladge and entitled
tends to feel inadquet,inferior or failure
object relation theory
emphasis on social relationships
origins of adult relationship in childhood
internalized representations of parents become basis for relating to others
early bond with parents influence child’s personality
harlow experiment
harlow monkey experiment
raised monkeys apart from mothers
-provide surrogate wire mother or cloth mother
-wire mothers provided food and water
monkeys spant more time with cloth mother
-importance of physical contact with children
consequences
monkeys deprived of real mothers became anxious,insecure and abnormal sexually
Bowby
notice a similar parttern in children
Ainsworth:strange situation procedure
how does children respond to being left with a friendly stranger for a few minutes?
3 responses and 3 attachment styles
1-continue exploration,play,happy to see mother when she came back (secure)
2-unfaz when mother left,and avoidant upon return (avoidant)
3.very anxious throughout procedure,cligy and agry upon return (anxious-ambivalent)
attachment style in adults
important part of personality
releted to relationship behaviours
(secure,avoidant,anxious-ambivelent)
outcome of attachment style as children (can change along time )
anxious-avoidant/preocupaid
have the most sex and least avoidant (except males)
preoccupied feel greatest need for intamicy
avoidants
have worse memory reletionship concepts
stress test study
Hetero romantic couples brought into
lab; told that male must participate in
experiment involving the “machine”
* Experimenter leaves couple alone for
10 min. in waiting room
– Secretly videotaped
* Male participant feels stressed
* How does female participant respond?
result
female avoidants are less likely to show support
secure female most supportive
how attachment style changes across time
anxious attachment high in adolecense and young adulthood, then decline
avoidant stable ,with small decline
being in a relationship led to greater secure attachment style over time
