taxonomy? Flashcards
how can we figure out which traits are most important?
lexica approach
- we can learn about personality by studying language.
- if a trait is important it will appear in different languages
-if the trait is important it will appear many times in that one language(different words)
ex:extravert (energetic,friendly, outgoing)
what is trait taxonomy?
is a system that includes all of the important traits of personality
what ways can taxonomy can be organized into a system?
-hierchical system
-some traits are more important then others
ex:
extraversion
nice outgoing social
what is the first step for The Lexical Approch to pride study?
Research Procedure (get data)
-asked participants to list tratits that characterized what they felt,thought,and did when they felt pride
what is the second step?
Figure out how words can be grouped together
- how are words related to each other?
(ex: victories, winners, achieving)
how do we develop a trait taxonomy?
- statistical approch
factor analysis
step 1: ask participants to rate how much certain traits describes them(get data from participants)
step 2:enter rating into factor analysis progremm which tell you how traits are grouped together
statistical approch to pride
how much you tend to feel … (happy)
1—————2————-3—————4———–4
what other approach we can use to develop a trait taxonomy?
- theorical approch
which is how traits should metter compering to other theories
what are the two facet theories?
-authentic pride
-promotes social investments
- foster geunin self-esteem
-hubristic pride
-related to aggression,hostility
- narcissim
what was happing in 1968?
-changes in field of personality
- end of the era of mega-thoeries
- era of middle-level theories
- the rise of Social Psychology
-lewin’s interactions
-behaviour as a function of person and situation
- B=f(PxS)
vs
-festinger’s situationism
-reduced to B=f(S)
- personality being irrelevant
what was the situation of the time?
emphasis on the power of situation to shape people’s behaviour due to horrors of WWII
ex: Asch’s conformity study,Milgram’s obedience study,Zimbardo’prision studies
what was Mischel’s critique
personality does not predict behaviour
B=f(P) is wrong
people act differently in different situations
knowing a person’s personality(level of trait) does not allow you to predict any specific behaviour
ex: an extrovert will be quiet in a funeral
what was the result of this critique?
-Personality psychology suffered
-fewer grad programs
-fewer reserch areas
-fewer jobs
-Social Psychology blossomed
-huge area of research
-many grad programs,researches and jobs
what was personality’s response? (they though back)
1-personality traits predict behaviour,but over long-term
- your level of extraversion(trait) overall will be good at predicting
how much you go out
- but it will not predict if you go out this weekend
*to predict behaviour we use aggregation
averaging together a set of behaviour
what is the second part of the response ?
2-broad traits predict broad behaviors,narrow traits predict narrow behaviour
ex: concientiousness (trait) > academic performence (behaviour)
punctuality > showing up to class on time