Evolutionary perspective

Question 1

We are biologically programmed to engage in behaviors
that facilitate___ and _____(feal in the black)

Answer 1

survival and reproduction

Question 2

what do these behaviours do?

Answer 2

they maximize the likehood that our genes will be past down/will survive

Question 3

what is natural selection?

Answer 3

is the process by which adaptive behaviors are selected
- people that have genes for adaptive behaviour are able to survive while the ones that don’t die

Question 4

what is the result of all of this?

Answer 4

is a human nature that reflects behaviours that have been adaptive thought evolutionary history

Question 5

to study personallity from an evolutionary perspective, think about how personality traits might be adaptive

Answer 5

-does a particular trait increses likehood of survival
-does a particular trait increases your likelihood to find a mate
-does a trait influence the likelihood that relatives will survive(inclusive fitness)

Question 6

what is inclusive fitness?

Answer 6

-explains behaviours that seem maladaptive
-self-sacrifice,altruism
-prediction more altruism towards kin that non-kin

Question 7

what are the evidence that evoulutionary perspective has anything to do with personality?

Answer 7

-humans across cultures and non-human primates show similar social behaviours
-all of these behaviours promotes survival and reproduction
-universal emotions

Question 8

what dis Ekman did?

Answer 8

he found that Fore tribe in New Guinea recognized western emotion expressions

Question 9

why are emotion expressions adaptive?

Answer 9

sends messages that can save lives of sender and receiver(natural selection and inclusive fitness

Question 10

what each emotions meas?

Answer 10

fear-dont attack
happy-im friendly
sad-i need confort
disgust-this food will make u sick
anger-im going to attack
surprise - look over there

Question 11

why would a pride expression be adaptive?

Answer 11

occurs after sucess, so many communicate sucess to others
I’m successful person u should follow me

Question 12

why is it adaptive for pride look like this?

Answer 12

-head and neck tilted slightly back
-look above others
-expanded posture
- draws attention,bigger
-slight smile
- social cohesion

Question 13

burkina faso study

Answer 13

-to study if pride is universal
-group of researchers went to burkina where most of the population were subsistence farmers and had no contact with west-culture
-they weren’t literate
-no formal education
-showed a picture to them and asked them to identify what the person was feeling/representing

Question 14

what was the result

Answer 14

pride was found 57% of the participant guess correctly that the foto was showing pride-it was a pretty good score competing to recognizing happiness with 88%

Question 15

it was still lower than western results, why?

Answer 15

-complicated procedure
-novelty tesk
-previous reserch on preliterarte cultures have very low recognition in general

Question 16

what is olympic judo study?

Answer 16

a study done to see if after a win on a olympic level competitions players would show signs of pride across the world

Question 17

what was the result?

Answer 17

-arms were raised,arms out,fists were the most popular signs of pride

-although all countries showed signs of pride after a win,America has showed the biggest

Question 18

is pride a innate ( a learned display)?

Answer 18

for that we use the paralympics judo study

Question 19

what was the Paralympics Judo Study?

Answer 19

it was a study that would observe how blind athlet winners of judo competitions would act after winning

-this way showing that they were imitating the pose that it is sterotypical as pride/ as they never have seen it before/it would be natural-evolutionary

Question 20

what was the result?

Answer 20

most winners
diplayed arms out and arms raised
but they did displayed smile or fists

Question 21

so is pride one of the universal emotions ?

Answer 21

yes (suprise,fear,happines,anger,sadness,disgust,pride)

Question 22

theoughout evolutionary history, what were women and men different problems in reproduction ?

Answer 22

-men: need to make sure they invest in their children(not somebody else’s)
-women: need to find a mate who will provide resources during the pregnancy and after

Question 23

what are two hypothesis as how do they deal with these needs

Answer 23

-jelousy is the adaptive solution:motivates people to make sure they are not being cheated on

-gender differences in mating problems should lead to gender differences in source of jealousy

Question 24

what are the different source of jealousy for each gender(Buss, Larsen, Westen, &
Semmelroth) ?

Answer 24

-men:sexual jelousy
-women:emotional jelousy

Question 25

what are some evidence of this ?

Answer 25

-gender difference replicate across culture
-men show higher physiological arousal (sweat,hart rate) during sexual infidelity imagery then emotional
women show higher phisio arousal during emotional infidelity imagery
women show better memory in emotional infidelity and men show better memory in sexula infidelity(we pay attention to what is important to us)

Question 26

what is double shot?(Buss)

Answer 26

the tendacy of women more likely to think that for men being in love means ALSO having sex

the tendacy of men more likely to think for women having sex means ALSO in love

jealousy difference due to double shot

even when participants were told to assume NO SEX,NO LoVE

Question 27

what was the Cognitive Load study?

Answer 27

found that women become busy with another task and they were asked about which one was worst they said sexual infidelity more problematic

should we expect our brain to regulate responses of infidelity automatically ?

Question 28

what is the Distinct emotion finding ?

Answer 28

-sexual infidality leads to anger
-emotional infidality leads to sadness

men find anger more problametic/worst and women find sadness more problametic

Question 29

what is another evidence for Buss et.al account of involved sex Difference

Answer 29

-men usually hope to have more sex then women
-men also would aceppt more sex if approach by stranger then a women

Question 30

why might human place importance on The Big Five (traits)?

Answer 30

because they inherit psychological mechanisms and behavioral strategies that developed to help us solve problems of survival and reproduction

Question 31

extraversion(social skills,activity,leadership)

Answer 31

survival problems:social rank,coorperation

Question 32

emotional stability=N(anxiety,worry,self-approval)

Answer 32

resillience to stress,adaptability

Question 33

Agreebleness(empathy,generosity,conformity)

Answer 33

mating,altruism

Question 34

Conscientiousness(will,no impulsivness,responsability)

Answer 34

work,trust,dependability

Question 35

Openness(curiosity,criativity,flexability)

Answer 35

learning,exploration,versatility

Question 36

if the whole point of the big 5 is variation,what is adaptive then?

Answer 36

the way people percive them big 5

Question 37

can/is each trait be completely adaptive?

Answer 37

no, because we woudnt see a normal variation on traits in all human population.

heritability of that variation suggest that the variation is what is adaptive

Question 38

what the benefits and costs of each trait?

Answer 38

extraversion
benefits: mating sucess,social allies
cons:family stability,psysical risks

neuriticism
benefits:vigilant to danger,striving and competivness
costs:stress and depression

openness
benefits:creativity,attractiveness
costs:unusual beliefs

conscientious
benefits:attention,life expectancy,desirable social qualities
costs:rigidity,obsenionality

agreebleness
benefits:attention to mental state of others,harmonious interpersonal relationships
costs:failure to maximize selfish advantages