Evolutionary perspective Flashcards
evolutionary perspective
We are biologically programmed to engage in behaviors
that facilitate___ and _____(feal in the black)
survival and reproduction
what do these behaviours do?
they maximize the likehood that our genes will be past down/will survive
what is natural selection?
is the process by which adaptive behaviors are selected
- people that have genes for adaptive behaviour are able to survive while the ones that don’t die
what is the result of all of this?
is a human nature that reflects behaviours that have been adaptive thought evolutionary history
to study personallity from an evolutionary perspective, think about how personality traits might be adaptive
-does a particular trait increses likehood of survival
-does a particular trait increases your likelihood to find a mate
-does a trait influence the likelihood that relatives will survive(inclusive fitness)
what is inclusive fitness?
-explains behaviours that seem maladaptive
-self-sacrifice,altruism
-prediction more altruism towards kin that non-kin
what are the evidence that evoulutionary perspective has anything to do with personality?
-humans across cultures and non-human primates show similar social behaviours
-all of these behaviours promotes survival and reproduction
-universal emotions
what dis Ekman did?
he found that Fore tribe in New Guinea recognized western emotion expressions
why are emotion expressions adaptive?
sends messages that can save lives of sender and receiver(natural selection and inclusive fitness
what each emotions meas?
fear-dont attack
happy-im friendly
sad-i need confort
disgust-this food will make u sick
anger-im going to attack
surprise - look over there
why would a pride expression be adaptive?
occurs after sucess, so many communicate sucess to others
I’m successful person u should follow me
why is it adaptive for pride look like this?
-head and neck tilted slightly back
-look above others
-expanded posture
- draws attention,bigger
-slight smile
- social cohesion
burkina faso study
-to study if pride is universal
-group of researchers went to burkina where most of the population were subsistence farmers and had no contact with west-culture
-they weren’t literate
-no formal education
-showed a picture to them and asked them to identify what the person was feeling/representing
what was the result
pride was found 57% of the participant guess correctly that the foto was showing pride-it was a pretty good score competing to recognizing happiness with 88%
it was still lower than western results, why?
-complicated procedure
-novelty tesk
-previous reserch on preliterarte cultures have very low recognition in general
what is olympic judo study?
a study done to see if after a win on a olympic level competitions players would show signs of pride across the world
what was the result?
-arms were raised,arms out,fists were the most popular signs of pride
-although all countries showed signs of pride after a win,America has showed the biggest
is pride a innate ( a learned display)?
for that we use the paralympics judo study
what was the Paralympics Judo Study?
it was a study that would observe how blind athlet winners of judo competitions would act after winning
-this way showing that they were imitating the pose that it is sterotypical as pride/ as they never have seen it before/it would be natural-evolutionary
what was the result?
most winners
diplayed arms out and arms raised
but they did displayed smile or fists
so is pride one of the universal emotions ?
yes (suprise,fear,happines,anger,sadness,disgust,pride)
theoughout evolutionary history, what were women and men different problems in reproduction ?
-men: need to make sure they invest in their children(not somebody else’s)
-women: need to find a mate who will provide resources during the pregnancy and after
what are two hypothesis as how do they deal with these needs
-jelousy is the adaptive solution:motivates people to make sure they are not being cheated on
-gender differences in mating problems should lead to gender differences in source of jealousy
what are the different source of jealousy for each gender(Buss, Larsen, Westen, &
Semmelroth) ?
-men:sexual jelousy
-women:emotional jelousy