The Rise Of Maufacturing And Thr Age Of Jackson Flashcards
Removal Act of 1830
- Proposed by President Monroe due to ongoing conflict between Indians and westward settlers and enforced by president Jackson (the constitution says the president holds the right to enforce laws or decisions of the other two branches)
- Congressional act authorized the removal of all Native American tribes east of the Mississippi to the west
- The Trail of Tears caused the deaths of thousands (1/3)
- caused continually Indian resistance
- Even american style govts adopted by the Cherokee were not enough proof of assimilation
Monroe doctrine
Proclamation that countries of the Western Hemisphere “are not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers.”
Est. while many Latin American nations announced their independence during the Napoleonic era
The US and Latin America feared European powers would send armies to regain control of their former colonies
The Liberator
The abolitionist newspaper begun by William Lloyd garrison in 1831
Spoils System
A system used heavily during the presidency of Andrew Jackson whereby political supporters of the winning candidate are given jobs in the govt
Nullification
- In reaction to the tariff legislation passed in 1828
- The South Carolina legislature explored the possibility of nullification, by which individual states could rule on the constitutionality of federal laws.
- Other southern legislatures later discussed the idea of nullifying laws in their own states
- Although Jackson was an advocate of states’ rights, he opposed nullification
Whig party
Political party that emerged in the 1830s in the opposition to the Democratic Party
Whigs favored policies that promoted commercial and industrial growth
Putting-out System
European economic system borrowed by Americans before 1820
Merchants would buy raw materials, recruit dozens- hundreds of farm families for work, and sell t he finished product
Ex. New England shoes
Lowell System
System for hiring workforce of early factories
Based on factories in Lowell, MA after the development of interchangeable parts and the cotton gin
Brought young women from surrounding areas to work
Kept worker demands low since it was usually temporary work for women
Led to growth of an economic middle class of manufacturers, bankers, and families
* did NOT use the putting out system
Panic of 1819
Caused by:
1. The recovery of European economies after the Napoleonic war
2. Money policies of the National Bank
3. The efforts of officials at several branch banks of National Bank to enrich themselves through speculation
Led to minor influences for states to shorten work days through strikes, although a real labor movement didn’t develop in the textile industry until the 1840s
Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia
- Cherokee felt they held a valid treaty for the land hey lived on and decided to take their case to court when Georgia pressured then to sell their land
- Chief Justice Marshall stated that Native Americans had no real standing in court since they were not a state or foreign country BUT he AFFIRMED that the Cherokee HAD THE RIGHT to their land
The Second Great Awakening
- religious movement that reaffirmed the role of religion in the lives of believers in the midst of extremes industrial, commercial, and westernizing transformations
- began in the late 1790s as a rural phenomenon
- women were MVP advocates and furthered their education through “academies” established by churches in this time
- opposed Calvinist predestination
- included emotional revival meetings that would cause followers to faint, speak in tongues, or writhe uncontrollably
- increased popularity of Methodist and baptist churches
- MVP’s: Timothy Dwight and Charles Finney
Dorothea Dix
Campaigned for better treatment of the the mentally ill in the 1830-40s
Horace Mann
Spoke out for formal education for all children
Wanted to expand school year
Emphasized the need for rigorous standards and teacher training
Abolition movement
Began in the 1820-30s
Led by northern Christians
Gained a large number of supporters
Considered slavery a sin
William Lloyd Garrison
MVP abolitionist
Founded the newspaper, The Liberator
