Resistance. Rebellion, And Revolution Flashcards
Stamp act
Dictated that all legal documents be issued on stamped paper
Created strong resentment and was later repealed
French and Indian war
Aka the Seven Years War
Between British and French that involved native Americans and colonial militias
French defeat greatly decreased their influence in America
Townshend Acts
Forces colonies to pay duties on most goods coming from England
Fiercely resisted and repealed in 1770
Boston massacre
Between British soldiers and Boston civilians
March 5, 1770
Committees of correspondence
Created first by Samuel Adams in Boston and then spread
Groups that circulated grievances against British
First continental congress
Meeting in Philly at which colonies vowed to resist further efforts to tax without their consent
Albany congress
About westward settlement (OH Valley) and relations with Indians
Robert Dinwiddie and George Washington were sent to stop French construction in west
Edward Braddock
English general sent to take France’s Ft. Duquesne because Washington failed
His death was the beginning of the French and Indian war
William Pitt
convinced desperately need Americans tonight for the British in the French and Indian war by agreeing to reimburse volunteers for expenses during war effort but MORE IMPORTANTLY, putting the colonial warfront in the hands of colonists
Later served as George III’s prime minister who was replaced by Townshend due to his old age
Treaty of Paris
Ended the French and Indian war in 1763
*ended French influence in the America’s
England got most of France’s territory and Spain got Louisiana territory west of the Mississippi
Increased hostility between Britain and the colonies
George III
Poor political leader
“Yes man” to his manipulative prime minister, George Grenville
Grenville’s taxes
Am effort to relieve Britain’s financial debt from the Seven Years War
Currency Act: illegal to print money in the colonies (hit colonists hard because of lack of hard money)
Sugar Act: increased penalties for smuggling and made tax on British molasses
Stamp Act: FIRST DIRECT TAX ON COLONISTS; declared that parliament had the right to impose an internal tax upon the colonies
Drove the colonies into an even greater post war depression
Increased criticism in colonial newspapers
Quartering Act
The final straw from Grenville
Insisted that colonial govts provide food and shelter for British troops
Stamp act congress
Reaction to the stamp act and other taxes
Included the Sons of Liberty (led by Samuel Adams), Patrick Henry, James Otis, Ben Franklin
Wanted the colonies directly represented in parliament
Got the stamp act repealed (by Lord Rockingham- for political rather than economic reasons) while invoking fear in British
merchants worried about boycotts
*its “success” resulted in the Declaratory Act that said parliament had the right to tax the colonies
Charles Townshend
Chancellor of the exchequer
Replaced William Pitt as George III’s prime minister
Followed Grenville and wanted to gain income from colonies
Imposed Townshend acts that imposed a tax on goods produced in Britain for paying for British governors’ salaries in America
Est. colonial courts to prevent smuggling and protests
John Dickinson
Author of Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania
Opposed Townshend acts
Said that parliament had the right to regulate colonial trade but not to use that power to raise revenue
Circular Letter
Protest written by Samuel Adams denouncing the Townshend acts as “taxation without representation”
Led to boycotts
Loyal governor declared it as sedition
Lord north
Prime minister after Townshend
Repealed Townshend acts except for taxes or tea
Approved the Tea Act to save the near bank riot East India Tea Co. (Fear of monopolization resulted in the Boston tea party)
Intolerable Acts
1774
British retaliation from Massachusetts’ disobedience
Closed the Boston port to all except military ships
George III chose leaders
Put quartering act into effect
Quebec act
Further alarmed colonists
Allowed religious freedom for Catholics
First continental congress
Pushed for total boycott on British goods but John Ahmad’s worked out a compromise eight the Declaration of Rights and Grievances: stated that Britain cannot regulate external commerce and colonies would resist taxation without consent
Adopted the Suffolk Resolves: said boycotts and support for MA resistance would continue until the intolerable acts were repealed
Sent petition to George III
