The Great Depression And The New Deal

Question 0

Dust Bowl

Answer 0

OK, KS, NB, CO, TX
Severe drought and poor arming practices
Massive dust storms
60% of farmers ruined
Caused migration westward
Influenced John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath

Question 1

Hoovervilles

Answer 1

Settlements of shacks found on the outskirts of many American cities beginning
Hoover didn’t do much to help the poor during the Great Depression (sparked voluntarism)

Question 2

Hawley-Smoot Tariff

Answer 2

Tariff act that imposed severe tariff on all incoming goods
European countries responded with their own high tariffs
Did LITTLE to help the American economy

Question 3

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

Answer 3

Federal agency est. during the “First 100 Days” of the New Deal in an effort to halt panic of closing banks
Insures bank deposits of individual citizens

Question 4

Civilian Conservation Corps

Answer 4

CCC
Est. with New Deal
Employed 2.5 million men in forest and conservation programs

Question 5

National Industry Recovery Act

Answer 5

New Deal legislation requiring owners and labor unions in various industries to agree upon hours, wages, and prices
Result: wages did go up for many workers but so did prices

Question 6

Tennessee Valley Authority

Answer 6

Agency created in the New Deal to oversee the construction of dams, providing electricity and flood control for many in the TN River Valley

Question 7

Workers Progress Administration

Answer 7

WPA
New Deal program
Employed 8million Americans 
Included construction of schools and roads 
Even employed artists and musicians

Question 8

Wagner Act

Answer 8

Critical piece of New Deal legislation that protected the right of workers to form unions and utilize collective bargaining
Est. the National Labor Relations Board to enforce its demands

Question 9

Social Security Act

Answer 9

New Deal
Provided pensions for workers reaching retirement age (65)
Both workers and employers pay into the fund that provides this benefit
Originally did not cover farmers or domestic workers

Question 10

New Deal Coalition

Answer 10

Est. by FDR
Kept Democratic Party in power from 30s-60s
Consisted of workers in American cities , voters in the South, labor unions, and blacks
*shift of black majority from republicans to democrats

Question 11

Scottsboro Boys

Answer 11

9 black defendants on a famous 1931 case
They were accused of raping two white women on a train
Sentenced to death, despite lack of evidence
Defended by the American Communist Party

Question 12

Roots of the Great Depression

Answer 12

1. Agriculture probs: farmers were unable to pay off loans, aid was vetoed by Coolidge
2. Installment buying (thanks consumerism)
3. Uneven distribution of wealth
4. Stock market: crashed Oct. 29 because of excess speculation and buying stocks “on the margin”

Question 13

How the stock market crash caused the Great Depression

Answer 13

1. Bank closings increased
2. Income fell for industrialists (nearly 25% were unemployed by ‘33)
3. Effect on the world: economy crashed for German since US demanded that they’d pay off all of their loans from WWI (led to the rise of Hitler)

Question 14

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

Answer 14

Authorized by Hoover
Aided business and railroads
Prevented banks from failing
Didn’t do much for the common man

Question 15

Bonus Army

Answer 15

Appeared in Washington in 1932
Demanded aid for unemployed WWI veterans
Hoover removed them with the military led by MacArthur with tear gas

Question 16

Eleanor Roosevelt

Answer 16

FDR’s legs
Pushed for reforms and better working conditions for women workers
Publicity

Question 17

New Deal

Answer 17

FDR’s promise to experiment with reform to end the Great Depression
Unlike Hoover

Question 18

American Liberty League

Answer 18

Thought the New Deal went too far
Led by Al Smith and other businessmen
Mostly rich republicans

Question 19

Dr. Francis Townsend

Answer 19

Demagogue during the 1920s
Proposed Old Age Pension Plan: old ppl would get 200$ a month
Wanted to out more money to circulation

Question 20

Most vicious opponents of the New Deal

Answer 20

1. Father Charles Coughlin: fame through the radio; demise was his radical anti-Semitic beliefs
2. Huey Long: gov. of LA; est. the most ruthless political machine of the South; “share the wealth”

Both showed that many Americans felt that the government should do more to end the problems associated with the Great Depression

Question 21

Justice Reorganization

Answer 21

FDR’s attempt to add additional justices to the Supreme Court
1 for every justice over 70 that wouldn’t retire
Made FDR lose support
FDR didn’t get his way but the Supreme Court did start ruling in favor of his views

Question 22

Congress of Industrial Organization

Answer 22

Goal: organize UNSKILLED factory and textile workers

Members were usually on the front lines of strikes