The British Empire In America: Growth And Conflict

Question 0

Navigation acts

Answer 0

Passed by British parliament increasing dependence of colonies on English for trade
Increased resentment in America
Not strictly enforced

Question 1

Mercantilism

Answer 1

Economic system in Europe in the lat 1600s stating that economic self sufficiency was crucial
Resulted in the establishment of colonies for raw materials

Question 2

Middle passage

Answer 2

Voyage taken by african slaves on horribly overcrowded ships

Question 3

Salutary neglect

Answer 3

Early 1700 British policy relaxing the strict enforcement of trade policies in the American colonies

Question 4

Charles II

Answer 4

Wanted to increase Britain’s trade at the expense of the Dutch
Got parliament to pass the Navigation Acts (stated that sugar, tobacco, and indigo could only go to England AND made all forge in goods pass through England taxation before going to America)

Question 5

Dominion of New England

Answer 5

England’s response to MA’s disobedience of Navigation Laws (because Dutch goods were cheaper)
Invalidated colonial charters from NJ to ME
Leader: Sir Edmund Andros

Question 6

Bacon’s Rebellion

Answer 6

Attack of landless whites (former indentured servants) on Sir William Berkeley over efforts for peace with Indians
Bitterness over Berkeley’s propriety when Navigation laws sky rocketed the price of tobacco
Wanted to take Indian’s land
Ended with death of Nathaniel Bacon
Resulted in limited power of royal governor by VA gentry and increased slave trade

Question 7

Beginning influx of slavery in colonial America

Answer 7

First in VA because cultivation on tobacco required a lg. amount of workers
Fewer englishmen emigrated as indentured servants because of increased prosperity
Few legal differences
Price of slaves decreased when Dutch slave monopoly ended

Question 8

Slave culture

Answer 8

Developed as slave ownership increased
Combined African, European, and local traditions
Combined Christianity with a unique religious culture

Question 9

Stono rebellion

Answer 9

Slave rebellion in SC (where slavery was the most brutal)

Increased brutality of slave treatment

Question 10

The glorious revolution

Answer 10

England dethroned James II
Replaced by William and Mary (catholic)
Colonies tried to get a looser grip on America
- resulted in Protestant revolts (Ex. Leisler revolt)
Will and Mary wanted tight grip on colonies
BUT Dominion of New England ended as representative govts were restored

Question 11

Salem Witch Trials

Answer 11

Resulted/caused by tension developed between ideals of Puritan small, tightly knit farming communities and developing ideals of a colony based on trade
Suspicion of witchcraft
Older farmers accusing new secular generation

Question 12

King Williams War

Answer 12

The War of Austrian Succession
English allied with Iroquois and French allied with algonquins
French destroyed Schenectady while British captured Port Royal
Reaffirmed prewar colonial boundaries
Allowed France totals Santo Domingo (Haiti)

Question 13

Queen Anne’s War

Answer 13

War of Spanish Succession
Spain and Iroquois allied with France
British attacked Spanish FL at St. Augustine from SC while arming Indian slave refugees as allies
No clear victory but ended with Treaty of Utrecht: France gave Britain Newfoundland, Acadia, Hudson Bay, and Great Lakes region

Question 14

Proprietorships

Answer 14

Colonies led by property electing assemblies and governors appointed by proprietors
One of the reasons Britain could regain control of its colonies after its wars in Europe
Caused rise of colonial assemblies

Question 15

British politics during the reigns of George I and George II

Answer 15

Fostered american self govt through salutary neglect
More concerned about defending economy and trade rather than English territory
Many american leaders were chosen based on connections rather than skill
Added additional taxation on navigation laws (molasses act: tightened colonial trade & Townshend acts: toward end of salutary neglect)

Question 16

First Great Awakening

Answer 16

Religious revival in colonies in 1720s-40s
Said preachers were “cold” and not devoted enough to God
John Edwards preached about horrors of hell
George Whitefield: famous for loud emotional voice
Resulted in est. of Yale, Harvard, brown, Dartmouth, Princeton, Rutgers
Caused social rebellion (possibly led to skepticism toward political leaders)

Question 17

The creation of the Dominion of New England increased the power of…

Answer 17

The governor of the area

Question 18

The growth of colonial assemblies alarmed the British because…

Answer 18

1. They expressed anti-british feelings
2. Ideals of the “power of the purse”could ultimately undermine British control
3. They occasionally ignored or resisted instructions from Britain
4. Governors appointed in Britain had little control over them

• NOT because they increased demo ratio tendencies

Question 19

What changed in the slave system of the southern colonies began in the 1730s

Answer 19

Mores leaved began to live and work on larger plantations