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MCAT Biology > The Respiratory System > Flashcards

The Respiratory System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are vibrissae?

A

Nose hairs

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2
Q

What are pleurae?

A

Membranes surrounding the lungs

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of pleurae?

A
  1. Visceral: adjacent to lungs
  2. Parietal: adjacent to chest wall
  3. Intrapleural: between the 2
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4
Q

Which pleurae contains fluid?

A

Intrapleural pleurae

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5
Q

How do the pleurae affect breathing?

A

Pressure differentials created across the pleurae drive breathing

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6
Q

How is the pressure differential created during inhalation?

A
  1. Diaphragm and intercostal muscles expand the thoracic cavity
  2. Intrapleural volume increases = pressure decreases
  3. Lung volume increases = pressure decreases
  4. Air is pulled in
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7
Q

What is emphysema? What are the symptoms?

A

Destruction of alveolar walls –> decrease in elastic recoil –> exhalation is difficult

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8
Q

What is the equation of the bicarbonate buffer system?

A

CO2 (g) + H2O(l) –> H2CO3(aq) –> H+ + HCO3- (aq)

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9
Q

What is the total lung capacity?

A

Max volume of air: 6-7L

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10
Q

What is the residual volume?

A

Min volume of air left when one exhales completely

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11
Q

What is the vital capacity?

A

Difference between TLC and RV

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12
Q

What is the tidal volume?

A

Volume of air inhaled/exhales in a normal breath

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13
Q

What is the expiratory reserve volume?

A

Volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal breath

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14
Q

What is the inspiratory reserve volume?

A

Volume of air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal breath

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15
Q

What muscles are responsible for inhalation?

A

external intercostal and diaphragm

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16
Q

What muscles are responsible for active exhalation?

A

internal intercostal and abdominal mucles

17
Q

What can cause collapse of a lung?

A

Fluid or air stuck in the intrapleural space

18
Q

How can pulmonary blood flow be increased? 2 ways

A
  1. Exercise

2. Vasodilators

19
Q

What are the 2 reasons for red blood cells to extrude their mitochondria during development?

A

this helps them carry out their function (carrying O2) in two ways:
Maximizing volume available for hemoglobin
Stopping the red blood cell from burning the O2 it is supposed to be carrying to O2-deprived tissues

MCAT Biology (18 decks)

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