Metabolism Enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

Rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis?

A

phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)

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2
Q

Rate-limiting enzyme of fermentation?

A

Lactate dehydrogenase

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3
Q

Rate-limiting enzyme of glycogenesis?

A

glycogen synthase

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4
Q

Rate-limiting enzyme of Glycogenolysis?

A

glycogen phosphorylase

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5
Q

Rate-limiting enzyme of Gluconeogenesis?

A

fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase

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6
Q

Rate-limiting enzyme of Pentose phosphate pathway?

A

glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

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7
Q

What are the 3 irreversible enzymes of glycolysis and their counter enzyme in gluconeogenesis?

A

Hexokinase/glucokinase → glucose-6-phosphatase
Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) → fructose-1,6-phosphatase
Pyruvate kinase → pyruvate carboxylase + PEPCK

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8
Q

How does ATP effect the rate of glycolysis?

A

ATP inhibits PFK-1 (there is enough energy, so need to keep producing it), even though PFK-1 uses it for its phosphate group. This inhibition is allosteric, and ATP can bind at different sites on the enzyme either helping it (active site) or inhibiting it (allosteric site).

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9
Q

What enzyme hydrolyzes tryacylglycerol in adipocytes?

A

Hormone sensitive lipase (HSL)

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10
Q

What enzyme hydrolyzes tryacylglycerol in lipoproteins?

A

Lipoprotein lipase –> VLDLs

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11
Q

What is the carrier of free fatty acids in the blood?

A

Albumin

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12
Q

What is the carrier of tryacylglycerol and cholesterol in the blood?

A

Lipoproteins

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13
Q

From where to where do VLDL transport tryacylglycerol?

A

Liver to peripheral tissues

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14
Q

From where to where do LDL transport cholesterol?

A

Liver to peripheral tissues

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15
Q

From where to where do HDL transport cholesterol?

A

Peripheral tissues to kidneys

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16
Q

What is an IDL?

A

VLDL remnant

17
Q

What is the “good kind” of cholesterol?

A

HDL because it carries excess cholesterol from blood vessels for excretion

18
Q

What is the rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol synthesis?

A

HMG-CoA reductase

19
Q

What is the rate-limiting enzyme of fatty acid synthesis?

A

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase

20
Q

What is the rate-limiting enzyme of fatty acid beta-oxidation?

A

Carnitine acyl-transferase I

21
Q

What is the role of the LCAT enzyme?

A

Catalyzes the production of cholesteryl esters

22
Q

What is the role of pyruvate kinase in glycolysis?

A

Catalyzes the final reaction, which produces 2 ATP per glucose molecule