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MCAT Biology > Menstrual Cycle > Flashcards

Menstrual Cycle Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the role of estrogen?

A

establishing the endometrium

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2
Q

What is the role of progesterone?

A

Maintaining the endometrium

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3
Q

What hormone is responsible for causing ovulation?

A

LH

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4
Q

What is the role of FSH?

A

Stimulating the development of the ovarian follicles, which secrete estrogen

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5
Q

What is the role of LH?

A

Stimulating the corpus luteum, which secretes estrogen and progesterone

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6
Q

Where are LH and FSH secreted from?

A

Anterior pituitary

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7
Q

What stimulates LH and FSH secretion?

A

GnRH secretion from hypothalamus

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8
Q

What is the corpus luteum?

A

the remnant of the ruptured follicle

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9
Q

How do estrogen and progesterone affect LH and FSH secretion?

A

Negative feedback

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10
Q

Describe the hCG levels

A

they start as the blastula implants itself → analog of LH, so it stimulates LH receptors → maintains corpus luteum (very important during first trimester) → by the second trimester the hCG levels decline because the placenta has grown to a sufficient size to secrete progesterone and estrogen by itself.

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11
Q

What is the role of hCG?

A

Maintain the corpus luteum

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12
Q

What happens during menopause?

A

Ovaries stop producing estrogen and progesterone –> FSH and LH levels rise

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13
Q

What is the role of FSH in males?

A

stimulating sertoli cells and triggers spermatogenesis

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14
Q

What is the role of LH in males?

A

causing the interstitial cells to produce testosterone

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15
Q

What phase of meiosis is the egg at upon ovulation? What is it called?

A

Metaphase II

Secondary oocyte

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16
Q

What phase of meiosis is the egg at birth? What is it called?

A

Prophase I

Primary oocyte

17
Q

What phase of meiosis is the egg at upon fertilization? What is it called?

A

Meiosis II

Ovum

18
Q

How does the LH surge happen? What day of the cycle does this happen on?

A

Estrogen starts having a positive feedback on the anterior pituitary after a certain threshold
Day 12

19
Q

At what point in the follicular phase is FSH inhibited? Why?

A

Early on to prevent the development of multiple follicles

MCAT Biology (18 decks)

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