The Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What are the 2 types of circulation? What kind of blood does each receive?
- Pulmonary - deoxygenated blood
2. Systemic - oxygenated blood
What valve separates the right atria and the right ventricle?
Tricuspid
What valve separates the left atria and the left ventricle?
Bicuspid
What valve separates the right ventricle and the vasculature?
Pulmonary
What valve separates the left ventricle and the vasculature?
Aortic
What is the FULL blood pathway?
- Right atrium
- Right ventricle
- Pulmonary artery
- Lungs
- Pulmonary vein
- Left atrium
- Left ventricle
- Aorta
- Arteries
- Arterioles
- Capillaries
- Venules
- Veins
- Vanea cavae
- Right atrium
Which side of the heart is more muscular? Why?
The left side because the systemic circulation has a much higher resistance and pressure
What is the pathway of electrical conduction in the heart?
- SA node
- 2 atria contract
- Atrial systole –> atrial kick
- AV node
- Bundle of His
- Purkinje fibers
Where is the SA node?
At the top of the atria
Where is the AV node?
In the middle of the heart above the 2 ventricles
What are cardiac muscle cells connected by? What do these contain?
Intercalated discs
Gap junctions
Through which nerve does the heart receive neural input to slow down?
Vagus nerve
What happens during systole?
Ventricules contract
What happens during diastole?
Atria contract
What is the cardiac output equation?
CO = heart rate . volume of blood per beat
What is the P wave of the EKG?
Just before the atria contract
What is the QRS complex on the EKG?
Just before the ventricles contract
What is the T wave of the EKG?
Ventricular repolarization
What happens during a heart attack or myocardial infarction?
Lack of O2 to heart –> muscle tissue begins to die
How to treat a heart attack or myocardial infarction?
Beta blockers: they block the sympathetic stimulation –> decrease heart rate
What is the S1 sound due to?
AV valves closing
What is the S2 sound due to?
Semilunar valves closing