the respiratory system

Question 1

main function of the respiratory system

Answer 1

provide body with oxygen and carry away carbon dioxide

Question 2

inspiration

Answer 2

intake of air

Question 3

gas exchange

Answer 3

gas goes into the blood

Question 4

expiration

Answer 4

release of gas

Question 5

main function and parts of the upper respiratory system

Answer 5

filters, warms, and moistens air; nose(nasal cavity and sinus) and pharynx

Question 6

main function and parts of the lower respiratory system

Answer 6

delivery to blood stream; epiglottis, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs and alveoli

Question 7

nose

Answer 7

adjusts incoming air, filtration by hairs and mucous, warming and moistening, cilliated odor receptor calls

Question 8

pharynx

Answer 8

a passage for food and air (mouth and nasal passage connect), tonsils are lymph tissue defense,

Question 9

epiglottis

Answer 9

in pharynx is blocks the airway when swallowing food

Question 10

larynx

Answer 10

below the epiglottis, voice box, an adjustable entryway that produces the voice.

Question 11

Vocal chords

Answer 11

Made of mucosal tissue, mucosal folds and is supported by ligaments

Question 12

What happens to the vocal chords when air passes?

Answer 12

They vibrate; it’s how we produce sound

Question 13

Where does the pitch come from

Answer 13

The width of the opening. Long looser waves - low pitch short tight waves- high pitch

Question 14

What affects the volume of the voice

Answer 14

Amplitude of the vibration

Question 15

how do we produce sound?

Answer 15

our vocal chords vibrate when air passes

Question 16

what does our pitch come from

Answer 16

the width of opening

Question 17

what does our volume come from

Answer 17

the amplitude of vibration

Question 18

heimlich maneuver

Answer 18

can unblock airway (trachea, larynx, epiglottis)

Question 19

lower respiratory tract

Answer 19

trachea, bronchial tree, lungs, aveoli

Question 20

trachea

Answer 20

the main tube of the lower respiratory tract, reinforced tube connecting upper to lower tract, lines with mucous-producing goblet cells and sweeping ciliated epithelium -continues to trap and filter

Question 21

broncheal tree

Answer 21

maximizes the surface area

Question 22

bronchi and bronchioles

Answer 22

branches into lungs

Question 23

lungs

Answer 23

site of gas exchange

Question 24

alveoli

Answer 24

sacs surrounded by capillaries

Question 25

increasing thoracic cavity size for inhalation

Answer 25

(muscle control) muscles contract pulling ribs out and diaghphragm down, lungs expand bc thoracic cavity sealed, air is drawn in as lungs expand

Question 26

decreasing thoracic cavity size for exhalation

Answer 26

(muscle control) muscles relax, ribs move in & diaphragm up, lungs contract and air is pushed out, forced exhalation for singing and blowing is more active

Question 27

breathing created

Answer 27

air pressure differences (like bellows)

Question 28

an indication of health is...

Answer 28

the volume of air moved into and out of the lungs

Question 29

vital capacity

Answer 29

the difference between how much air is in the lungs during max inhalation vs how much is in the lungs during exhalation

Question 30

three ways breathing can be controlled

Answer 30

breathing center in medulla, consciously, chemical controls

Question 31

breathing center in medulla.

Answer 31

automatic, we don't have to think about it, stimulated muscle contraction for inspiration, expiration during stop of nerve signal

Question 32

chemical controls of breathing

Answer 32

increased co2 in blood signals brain via chemical receptors sensitive to pH, not sensitive to low O2

Question 33

external respiration is

Answer 33

blood/lung exchange of gases

Question 34

what is the surface for gas exchange

Answer 34

the alveoli, they must be moist, important to keep open, they have a very large surface area (as big as a tennis court)

Question 35

gas diffusion across...

Answer 35

alveolar and capillary walls- must go through 2 cell layers

Question 36

most oxygen is carried by

Answer 36

hemoglobin in RBCs, relative concentrations determine when bind and when release, active cells get more

Question 37

most carbon dioxide is transported as..

Answer 37

bicarbonate ions, plays a role in buffering

Question 38

internal respiration is

Answer 38

gas exchange between capillaries and tissues of body

Question 39

internal respiration is driven by

Answer 39

simple diffusion

Question 40

respiratory infection

Answer 40

sinusitis : infection of sinuses tonsilitis : infection of tonsils laryngitis : infection of larynx bronchitis : infection of bronchi

Question 41

CO poisoning

Answer 41

respiratory disorder, co binds permanently into hemoglobin-oxygen can't get into the blood, attaches to it like water, carbon monoxide is odorless and colorless, you will turn cherry red

Question 42

asthma

Answer 42

respiratory disorder: inflamation and irration causes bronchies to constrict, bronchial muscle spasms= difficulty breathing, irritation inflames

Question 43

pneumonia

Answer 43

respiratory disorder: fluid and pus build up in alveoli, may be bacterial or viral

Question 44

emphysema

Answer 44

respiratory disorder: destruction of alveoli, loss of surface area, increased "dead" air = shortness of breath

Question 45

immediate effects of smoking

Answer 45

nicotine addiction, damage to lung cells & other tissues (loss of cilia, hampers macrophages), less effective cleaning=more illness, tar buildup, exposure to co (reduces delivery of O2)

Question 46

long term effects of smoking

Answer 46

increased cancer, increased heart disease and stroke, lung disease (inflammation, bronchitis, emphysema), premature aging of skin, bad vision, urinary incontinence, osteoporosis

Question 47

how many carcinogens are in tobacco

Answer 47

fifty known

Question 48

smokins is responsible for... of cancer deaths

Answer 48

30%

Question 49

_____% of lung cancers are caused by smoking

Answer 49

85-90

Question 50

why is lung cancer so deadly

Answer 50

no symptoms until it is well advanced, metastasis common

Question 51

additional risks to smoking women

Answer 51

interaction of smoking and birth control hormones, earlier menopause, reproductive problems (less fertile/more miscarriages, placental separation, stillbirths, premature births, low birthweights) all due to low o2 to fetus