Chapter 2

Question 1

elements

Answer 1

basic unit of matter

Question 2

atoms

Answer 2

smallest unit of element that retains property of that element

Question 3

what makes up atoms

Answer 3

protons, neutrons, electrons

Question 4

ions

Answer 4

atoms that have lost or gained one or more electron

Question 5

isotopes

Answer 5

have an extra neutron in the center of the atom

Question 6

radiation

Answer 6

energy given off by certain chemical elements when they break down into other elements , usually unstable isotopes

Question 7

what is radiation used in

Answer 7

medical imaging & to kill cancer cells

Question 8

chemical bonds

Answer 8

hold molecules together

Question 9

covalent bond

Answer 9

atoms share electrons

Question 10

ionic bonds

Answer 10

opposite charges attract

Question 11

hydrogen bonds

Answer 11

weak attraction, partial charges

Question 12

water is essential to

Answer 12

all life

Question 13

water is important because

Answer 13

adhesion, cohesion, it is a good solvent, it splits into h+ and oh- and it has a high specific heat

Question 14

adhesion

Answer 14

water sticks to other things

Question 15

cohesion

Answer 15

water sticks to itself

Question 16

solvent

Answer 16

dissolves lots of stuff, not everything though

Question 17

specific heat

Answer 17

how much energy it takes to raise 1 g of substance by 1

Question 18

pH is the measure of

Answer 18

H+ in a solution

Question 19

acids release ____ when added to water

Answer 19

H+

Question 20

bases release _____ when added to water

Answer 20

OH-

Question 21

the pH scale goes from

Answer 21

0-14

Question 22

on the pH scale 0 is

Answer 22

acidic

Question 23

on the pH scale 14 is

Answer 23

basic

Question 24

buffer

Answer 24

substance that does chemical reactions in water to keep pH constant

Question 25

what exactly does a buffer in water do

Answer 25

remove or add H+ depending on what chemical is present

Question 26

what are the major molecules of life

Answer 26

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acid

Question 27

Carbohydrates

Answer 27

molecules of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen that provide energy

Question 28

types of carbohydrates

Answer 28

monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

Question 29

monosaccharides

Answer 29

simple sugars such as glucose

Question 30

disaccharides

Answer 30

two simple sugars joined together, sucrose or lactose

Question 31

polysaccharides

Answer 31

long chains of simple sugars joined like glycogen or cellulose

Question 32

lipids

Answer 32

non polar molecules that don't dissolve in water

Question 33

types of lipids

Answer 33

triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids

Question 34

triglycerides

Answer 34

three fatty acids bound to one glycerol dietary fats/oils saturated-no double bonds unsaturated-double bonds between carbons

Question 35

what is the role of triglycerides in humans

Answer 35

long term energy storage, protection & insulation

Question 36

phospholipids

Answer 36

2 fatty acids & 1 phosphate bound to one glycerol hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends to molecule main component of cell membrane

Question 37

steroids

Answer 37

characteristic 4-ring carbon backbone cholesterol - important in membrane sex hormones are steroids

Question 38

proteins

Answer 38

made of amino acids

Question 39

how many different types of amino acids are there

Answer 39

20

Question 40

what type of bond joins amino acids together

Answer 40

peptide bonds

Question 41

primary structure of protein

Answer 41

order of amino acids in chain

Question 42

secondary structure of protein

Answer 42

bending & coiling of chain

Question 43

tertiary structure of protein

Answer 43

3-D folding

Question 44

quaternary structure of protein

Answer 44

joining of multiple chains

Question 45

what is the main role of proteins

Answer 45

catalyze reactions; enzymes | also used for structural support, transport, and movement

Question 46

what is the base unit of nucleic acids

Answer 46

nucleotide

Question 47

nucleotide

Answer 47

phosphate group, 5c sugar and nitrogenous base

Question 48

DNA

Answer 48

two strands (double helix), sugar=deoxyribose, n bases=cytosine, adenine, guanine, and thymine

Question 49

what holds n bases together

Answer 49

hydrogen bonds

Question 50

RNA

Answer 50

single strand, sugar=ribose, n bases are cytosine, adenine, guanine, and uracil

Question 51

DNA is the

Answer 51

blueprint of life

Question 52

RNA is part of

Answer 52

the translation process-interpreting DNA into proteins

Question 53

what catalyzes the reactions that build structure and do processes

Answer 53

protein enzymes

Question 54

ATP

Answer 54

adenosine triphosphate, nucleotide of adenine, ribose & 3 phosphate groups P bonds easy to make and break give energy to reactions that need and capture from reactions that release