Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

sensory receptors

A

generate electrochemical signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

receptor potential

A

change in charge across membrane
varies with strength of stimulus
causes action potential if crosses threshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

sensory adaption

A

gradual decline with continuous stimulation

variation across receptor types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

types of sensory receptors

A

mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, photoreceptors, chemoreceptors, pain receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

temperature is detected by

A

cold and heat receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

body and limb position are detected by

A

muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

touch, pressure and vibration are detected by

A

multiple receptors in the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

pain is caused by

A

any sufficiently strong stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what affects pain perception

A

attitude and situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the special senses

A

taste, smell, vision, hearing, balance/equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

taste buds

A

mostly on the tongue, sides of apillae, some in cheeks, throat, roof of mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

process of tasting

A

chemicals dissolve in saliva, stimulate hairs of taste cells (not nerves) electrical signal to dendrites wrapped around taste cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cells are sensitive to which different basic tastes

A 
sweet- sugars
sour-acids
salty-naCl
bitter-toxins?
umami-savory-amino acids/glutamate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

smell

A

chemical sense, receptors on roof of nasal cavities, cells with long cilia, mucus layer, odor molecules bind to receptors (1000 receptors detect 10,000 odors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

where does the smell signal get sent

A

first olfactory bulbs, then limbic system (emotional component to smells), then cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

parts of the eye

A

optic nerve, sclera, choroid, retina, vitreous humor, cornea, lens pupil, iris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how do we see (steps)

A
  1. light enters eye (refraction by cornea, lens, humor)
  2. hits receptors in retina (rods & cones)
  3. signals generated & sent to other cells (optic nerve to brain)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

rods

A

black and white vision, motion detection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

cones

A

color vision, blue red green-sensitive to different wavelengths, concentrated in fovea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

glaucoma

A

lack of drainage of aqueous humor builds up pressure, collapses blood vessels & kills cells, medication or surgery to treat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

cataracts

A

lenses become cloudy and opaque, surgical treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

focusing problems

A

nearsighted, farsighted, astigmatism

23
Q

hearing

A

sound waves, volume from amplitude, pitch from frequency, vibrations activate nerves

24
Q

outer ear

A

eardrum

25
Q

middle ear

A

hammer, anvil, stirrup

26
Q

inner ear

A

oval window, cochlea

27
Q

how do we hear (steps_

A
  1. outer eat collects and transmits
  2. middle each amplifies
  3. inner ear-detects and sends signal
28
Q

cochlea

A

organ or corti with hair cells
vibration waves in fluid bend hairs
loud sounds=greater pressure=more cells stimulates
pitch= stimulation at different places on membrane

29
Q

conductive hearing loss

A

sound waves prevented in outer or middle ear from reaching inner ear, blockage, fluid, eardrum damage

30
Q

sensorineural hearing loss

A

damage to hair cells prevents signal, aging, noise, infections, hearing aids, cochlear implants

31
Q

where is the vestibular apparatus

A

inner ear

32
Q

structure of the vestibular apparatus

A

fluid filled chambers & canals, semicircular canals, vestibule

33
Q

what does the vestibular system monitor

A

position and movement of head

34
Q

what are the detectors of the vestibular system

A

hair cells

35
Q

motion sickness

A

when visual & vestibular signals don’t match

causes dizziness, nausea, tiredness, vomiting

36
Q

vertigo

A

dysfunction in vestibular system or related nerves in brain, causes you to have a sensation of spinning while stationary
causes nausea, vomiting, difficulty standing or walking, may also impair speaking, blur vision, lower level of consciousness, give hearing loss

37
Q

structure that receives sensory stimuli and is a part of a sensory neuron or transmits signals to a sensory neuron

A

sensory receptor

38
Q

inner layer of the eyeball containing the photoreceptors-rods and cones

A

retina

39
Q

outer, white, fibrous layer of the eye that surrounds the eye except for the transparent cornea

A

sclerea

40
Q

receptor sensitive to chemical stimulation

A

chemoreceptor

41
Q

specialized region of the cochlea containing the hair cells for sound detection and discrimination

A

spiral organ

42
Q

a sensory receptor

a. is the first portion of a reflex arc
b. can be internal or external
c. initiates nerve impulses
d. all of these are correct

A

d. all correct

43
Q

receptors sensitive to change in blood pressure are

A

interoceptors

44
Q

conscious interpretation of changes in the internal and external environment is called

A

perception

45
Q

pain perceived as coming from another location is known as

A

referred pain

46
Q

tasting something “sweet” versus “salty” is a result of activating

A

different sensory receptors

47
Q

what structure of the eye is incorrectly matched with the function

a. lens-focusing
b. cones-color vision
c. iris-regulation of amount of light
d. choroid-location of cones
e. sclera- protection

A

d. chorid location of cones

48
Q

what is the correct path for light rays entering the human eye

A

cornea, pupil, lens, vitreous humor, retina

49
Q

the thin, darkly pigmented layer that underlies most of the sclera is the

A

choroid

50
Q

adjustment of the lens to focus on objects close to the viewer is

A

visual accomodation

51
Q

to focus on objects that are close to the viewer, the lens needs to become

A

more rounded

52
Q

which is not involved in the sense of hearing

A

semicircular canals

53
Q

the middle ear is separated from the inner ear by the

A

oval window and round window

Biology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions