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bio 20 > The Respiratory System) > Flashcards

The Respiratory System) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the nasel passage lined with

A

its lined with ciliated cells and cells which secrete mucus which filter and moisen incoming air

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2
Q

What is the first step of the respiratory system

A

The nasel passage/nasel cavity

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3
Q

in all what does the first step of the respirtory system do

A

cilia cells moisen incoming air

Turbinate bones increase SA heat from blood vessels warms the air

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4
Q

what is step 2 and what does it do

A

the pharynx (throat) is passage way to respitory system also carries food/water

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5
Q

what is step 3 and what does it do

A

Epiglottis and it is the flap behind tounge it opens / closes trachea (glottis ) when someone swallows

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6
Q

what is step 4 called

A

larnyx

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7
Q

what does the larnyx do

A

contains vocal cords (vocal box) protects the lower respiratory tract from food into the trachea while breathing

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8
Q

what does the Bronchi do

A

carries the air from trachea to the left and right lung

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9
Q

what is the bronchioles function

A

subdivisions of the bronchi in each lungs also lined with cilia and mucus cells

passages from bronchi to alveoli in lungs

carry oxygen rich air into the lungs and carry carbon dioxide rich air out of the lungs

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10
Q

what is step 5 of the respitory system

A

bronchi

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11
Q

what is the aveoli function

A

small clusters of air sacs at end of the bronchioles provides gas exchange

gas exchange carbon dioxide in blood exchanged for oxygen (tiny air sacs in the lungs)

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12
Q

lungs purpose

A

primary organ, divided into lobes right lung has 3 lobes and left has 2 because it needs room to make place for heart

(facilitate gas exchange from the environment into the bloodstream. )

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13
Q

Diaphrams function

A

seperates organs of thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity

  • breathing muscle
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14
Q

What is the role of the nasal passage in the respiratory system?

A

lined with ciliated cells and cells that secrete mucus, which filter and moisten incoming air

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15
Q

What is the pharynx and what is its function in the respiratory system?

A

pathway into the respiratory system (the throat) that carries food and water into the respiratory system

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16
Q

What is the epiglottis and what is its role in the respiratory system?

A

flap behind the tongue that defends food from going down pharyx

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17
Q

what is the pleural membrane

A

membrane around outer surfaces of lungs and decreases friction

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18
Q

whats repriration

A

process that supplys oxygen to cells in body
- biochemical

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19
Q

whats respiratory membrane

A

Where diffusion of oxygen/ gases occur

-between the cells of the body / external environment

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20
Q

what are the 4 overall steps of respitory system

A

1 ) Breathing (ventilation)
2) External respiration
3) Circulation
4) Internal Respiration

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21
Q

what does breathing (ventilation) do

A

process involves the movement of air in and out of the lungs “breathing”.

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22
Q

what does external respiration do

A

in lungs involves exchange of gases between the alveoli to blood capilaries around

after lungs fill w air oxygen goes lungs into the bloodstream (opposite for carbon dioxide)

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23
Q

what does circulation do

A

transport of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between lungs / body tissues by bloodstream.

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24
Q

what does Internal Respiration do

A

in body tissues exchange of gases between blood capillaries and the body cells

Oxygen circulates through bloodstream until a body cell needs it then absorbed into the cell

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25
Q

whats cellular respiration

A

production of ATP from glucose and oxygen in body cells

*This happens in all living cells. Plants, animals, jellyfish, basilisk, etc.

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26
Q

how does gas move from what pressures

A

from high pressure to low pressure

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27
Q

what does inspiration stand for

A

inhaling

28
Q

what does expiration stand for

A

exhaling

29
Q

with inspiration how is the pressure in the lungs

A

pressure in lungs is less the atmosphere

(but chest vol is more air moves to lungs)

30
Q

with inspiration what happens to the diaphragm and ribs

A

the diaphragm contracts and does downward

the intercodtals pull ribs up

31
Q

what is expiration

A

exhaling

32
Q

with expiration how is the pressure compared to atmosphere

A

the pressure inside lungs is greater then atmosphere

(but chest vol

33
Q

with expiration what happens with diaphragm and the ribs

A

-the ribcage contracts when they relax, the ribcage icontracts relax

  • and the diaphragm goes to resting postition
34
Q

whats the first step in oxygen transport

A

o2 breathed in then diffuses from atmosphere into alveoil then into blood

(not very much at o2 at all goes to blood not very soluble)

35
Q

whats the 2nd step in oxygen transport

A

hemoglobin bonds to o2 and makes it form oxyhemoglobin

( it happens to increase o2 solubility)

36
Q

whats the 3rd step in oxygen transport

A

hemoglobin and o2 dissociate
(hemoglobin drops o2 off from bus)

the o2 move into calpillaries or wherever body needs after comined to make oxyhemogloubin

37
Q

whats the 4th step in oxygen transport

A

oxygen diffues into the tissues after it went into the capillaries

38
Q

overall steps of o2 transport

A

1) breathed in o2 diffuses to alveoli in lungs to blood (not very much o2 dissoled in blood not very soluble)

2) hemoglobin then grabs o2 and combines with it to make oxyhemoglobin (o2 picked up on hemoglobin bus)

3) hemoglobin / o2 (oxyhemoglobin) ride on bus and dissociates in cappilaries or wherever o2 needs to be delivered (dropped off the hypothetical bus )

4) once dropped off and o2 is dissociated then diffuses into tissues

39
Q

what is the 1st step of co2 transport

A

goes into plasma then combines with h2o to make carbonic acid to reduce co2

40
Q

what is the 2nd step of co2 transport

A

then carbonic acids breaked down into two (dissociated) into bicarbonate HCO3 and H

happens from hemoglobin buffering to resist rapid change in ph

41
Q

what is 3rd step of co2 transport

A

hemoglobin lets off H (hydrogen) and combines with bicarbonate HCO3 after both dissociated from carbonic acid

then makes h2o and co2

42
Q

whats 4th step co2 transport

A

after h2o and co2 is made its able to diffuse from blood to alveoli then exhaled

43
Q

what does a buffer stand for

A

something that helps resist change in ph and keeps everything stable

44
Q

What are breathing movements regulated by and have nerve receptors

A

Chemorecepeptors

45
Q

Where are chemoreceptors in

A

Medulla, carotid artery, aorta

46
Q

What 2 types of chemoreceptors

A

Co2 is the main one
02 is backup

47
Q

What does co2 chemoreceptor do

A

The medulla oblongata detects levels high co2 sends nerve impulses to diaphragm / intercontal muscles

Then body cells co2 levels rise and diffuses into blood so not in tissue

48
Q

When breathing faster what do you expel more of

A

Co2

49
Q

what type of levels of o2 receptors in carotid and aortic arteries detect

A

low levels of o2

50
Q

what is the back up chemoreceptors

A

o2

51
Q

what are the steps of o2 chemoreceptors

A
  • recepeptors in carotid and aortic arteries detect low o2
  • then after detect low they send impulse to medulla oblongata
  • then medulla sends impulses to intercostal rib muscles / diaphram
    (comes when o2 levels fail)
52
Q

what are 3 factors that increase ventilation

A

decreased o2
increased co2
increase H+ (increased acid)

53
Q

why does ventillation increase when more co2

A

the alveoli increases more more to keep up the o2 demands and to expel co2

54
Q

how does the medulla (brain) respond to exercise

A

1) sends impulse to diaphragm and ribs to increase movments

2) lungs increase ventillation

3) kidney to remove excess H (acid) from blood

4) muscles produce more co2 and h+ (acid) and uses more o2

5) adrenal gland- epinehrine hormore that release increase breathing

55
Q

Bronchitis

A

inflammation of bronchioles results narrowed air passages decreased air movement

56
Q

Emphysema

A

inflammation / over-inflation of alveoli

then rupture / reduce surface area for diffusion

57
Q

COPD

A

Inflammatory lung disease causes obstructed airflow from the lungs

typically caused by long-term exposure to irritating gases / smoking

58
Q

Pneumonia

A

caused by infection that causes buildup of fluids or inflammation in the alveoli

59
Q

Laryngitis

A

a condition by inflammation of the larynx (voice box) from talking to much

60
Q

Tonsillitis

A

inflammation of the tonsils

61
Q

Asthma

A

by narrowing of the bronchial passages.

62
Q

Pleurisy

A

Inflammation of the pleural lining

  • shortness breahting
  • feaver/ chills
    -pain shoulder/back
63
Q

Pneumothorax

A

air trapped in the pleural space

64
Q

Lung cancer

A

growth of non-functional or immature cells. (cancerous/malignant).

Reduce the surface area for diffusion.

65
Q

Hyperventilation

A

High oxygen level and low CO2 level (hypocapnia)

66
Q

whats the steps of negative feedback loop

A
  • responds to problem
  • hormone / nerves fix
    -then once fixed hormone secreation/nerve responce stops
67
Q

tracheas functions

A

tube when breath in it goes to trachea to carry air to lungs and help push air out

(like pathway for air to go in / out when breath)

bio 20 (11 decks)

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