cardiovascular system chaper 10 Flashcards
Arteries
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Lead into smaller arteries called arterioles.
what is the arteries made out of
Walls are composed of distinct layers made of connective tissue and muscle
- Stretch to accommodate the surge of blood (pulse)
Autonomic nervous system
regulates diameter of arterioles by involuntarily stimulating the smooth muscles with nerve impulse
Vasoconstriction
narrowing of blood vessels then less blood in the tissues
Vasodilation
widening of blood vessels allowing more blood to the tissues
what is the smallest vessiles
Capillaries
Capillaries
smallest vessel only let one red blood cells pass at a time and helps deliver o2 and nutrients
Oxygenated meaning
(oxygen rich blood) blood appears red because lots of oxygen
Deoxygenated meaning
(oxygen poor) blood appears dark/brick red as it leaves the capillary
are the capillaries easily destroyed or strong
Are easily destroyed by pressure
Veins job
carries blood toward the heart
what type of pressure do valves and skeletal muscles work in (high or low)
Valves and skeletal muscles work together in a low pressure system then move blood back to the heart
what do valves in vains do
prevent blood flowing backward
what do the muscles in vains do
contract to push against the vein that pushes the blood through valve to heart
what is atherosclerosis
degeneration of blood vessel
bc of fat built up in inner walls so heart has to work harder
how does artherosclerosis occur
from lots of fat deposit in the inner wall
what is the aneurysm
bulge that occurs in the wall when theres weakend blood vessel (usally an artery)
what is the disease varicose veins
venous blood pools in the vains and it damages the valves and veins and they become larger and start to bulge
how do hemorrhages occur
its the escape of blood in blood vessel especially when profuse
how does a stroke occur
sudden interruption of blood supply to the brain and theres less oxygen in the brain
what can strokes result in
they can result in cell death
what is the hearts function
muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body
what is the pericardium (involving heart
fluid filled membrane thats all around heart so theres no friction
what does the septum do (involving heart
it seperates thee heart into teo parallel pumps the right and the left heart
what is the right side of the heart system called
pulmonary circulatory system
what does the pulmonary side do
receives deoxygented blood from body then pumps it into the lungs
what is the left side called of the heart system
systemic circulatory system
what does the ststemic circulatory system do
receives oxygenated blood from the lungs then pumps it to the cells of the body
how many chambers are in the heart and how many atria and ventricles
4 chambers, 2 atria, 2 ventricles
what does the atria do
thin walled chamber in the heart and it gets and recives the blood from the veins
what is the ventricle
it has thick walls and is chamber in heart that deivers blood to arteries
what are the 2 valves called
atrioventricular (av) valves
semilunar valves
what does the atrioventricular valve do
seperate atria from ventricles they stop blood from flowing back into atria
what does the semilunar valve do
half moon shaped seperates ventricles from arteries stop blood flowing back ventricles
what are the 2 arteries called and the arteries function
carry blood away from the heart and theres the aotra and the plumonary arteries
what does the aotra do
its the largest artery in body and carries blood away from heart
what are nodes
theyre electrical stiumulations that happen automatically fromt the nervious system
what does the sa node do also called sinolatatrial node
its the “peacemaker” and it is at the top of right atrium electrical charge spreads to av node
what does the av node do also called the atrioventricular node
its at the boarder of the right atrium right bellow were the sa node is located and recives and gets charge from sa and spreads charge
what are the purkinje fibers
nerve like chemical and can quickly conduct a impulse so ventriclews can contract (reseves charge of electrical surrent form av node which gets it from sa node)
what is the lubb sound from
its from the av valves closing
moving blood through atruim to ventricle to contract and blood by semilunar valves
what is the dubb sound from
the dubb is from when blood is passing and closes and makes dubb sound
plumanary veins job
carry the oxygen rich blood or the new blood after gas exchange into heart
plumanary arteies job
to move blood out to lungs
automatic nerves meaning
it stands for nerves that are automatic and is frokm nevous system
how sympathic nevers are stimulated and what they do to body
stimulated from stress and raise blood flow
how parasympathic nevers are stimulated and what they do to body
stimulated during relaxation and slow heart rate help increase bpm and bp
the way blood flows through the heart
1) enters from the vena cava (supirior or inferior) 2) then goes into the right atrium 3) goes down the tricuspid valve 4) then goes into the right ventricle 5) then goes through semilunar vale to 5) to plumanary artery 6) brings to lungs does gas exchange 7) enters plumanary viens 8) left atrium 9) down the bicuspid valve to 10) left ventricle 11) then through semi lunar 12) aorta 13) body!
blood pressue meaning
fluid pressure in blood vessel for every beat
diastole meaning or diastolic
reading when heart relaxing lower #
systole meaning or systolic
reading during heart contraction higher # on top and says how much heart can handle for every contraction
stroke volume
its quantity blood every beat
cardiac output
quantity blood in one min
whats used to measure blood pressure
spygmomamameter
what formula do you use to find the cardiac output
times the stroke vol and the heart beat
what causes high blood pressure
stress diet ect
what causes low blood pressure
shock in circulatiory, genetics, blood loss ( hemorage )
how is high blood pressure regulated
parasympathetic nervous response to decrease BP
how is low blood pressure regulated
sympathetic nervous response to increase BP
what is the process of fluid pressure where does it occur
its the water and soluble ions leaving the artery because its high pressure and water wants to go to low pressure (ECF)
capilliarys to ecf
what is the fluid pressure process called
filtration bc leaving
what is osmotic pressure where does it occur
it happens on the venucle side and its when water and soluble ions enter from ecf to capillaries
(it comes back in because the venule side has low pressure and also is hyertonic and ecf is hypotonic)
ecf to capillares
what is another name for osmotic pressure
it also stands for absorbtion
what happens to the amount of fluid pressure that isnt fully taken by the osmotic pressure
it goes into the lymph system and the lymph helps sort through eveything left in the ecf and they move it back into the circulatory system
what is ateriosclerosis
its when the vessels looses the elasticity and the walls of it start to harden
