energy flow in biosphere ( unit A)

Question 1

Dynamic Equilibrium def

Answer 1

remaining stable and balanced over time, despite changes so changes dont affect the entire ecosystem

Question 2

what are the 3 biosphere structures

Answer 2

Lithosphere
Hydrosphere
Atmosphere

Question 3

what does lithosphere reffer to

Answer 3

rocks

Question 4

what does hydrosphere reffer to

Answer 4

water

Question 5

what does atmosphere reffer to

Answer 5

air

Question 6

what is a producer in a food chain

Answer 6

produce their own food

Question 7

what is a consumer in a food chain

Answer 7

consumers are animals that eat other animals

Question 8

what do all food chains start with

Answer 8

producers followed by consumers

Question 9

what is monoculture

Answer 9

single crop in an area so limited species live there and decreases biodiversity

Question 10

what is another word for a producer

Answer 10

autotroph

Question 11

what is another word for a consumer

Answer 11

heterotroph

Question 12

what is detitrus

Answer 12

is dead components that are left like dead leaves or waste products

Question 13

Decomposer/detritivore def

Answer 13

organisms that break down detritus to get nutrients for their own use

Question 14

Vulnerable/threatened

Answer 14

likely to become endangered if circumstances don’t change

Question 15

Endangered def

Answer 15

species severely/seriously at risk

Question 16

Extirpated/Endemic def

Answer 16

all species gone from a certain area. Still found elsewhere

Question 17

Extinct def

Answer 17

all species are gone everywhere

Question 18

what are the 4 trophic levels

Answer 18

Producer (autotroph): They produce their own food

Primary consumer (heterotroph): an organism that relies directly on autotrophs

Secondary consumer (heterotroph): an organism that relies on primary consumers for its source of energy

Tertiary consumers: relies on secondary consumers for its principal source of energy

Question 19

what order is food/prey created for animals

Answer 19

1) producers because they make their own food

2) primary consumer (mainly only plant eaters)

3) the secondary consumers ( mainly carnovoires eating the animals like deer that are herbovores)

Question 20

what is the chem equation for photosynthis

Answer 20

co2 + h20 —> C6H12O6 + O2

Question 21

Chemosynthesis meaning

Answer 21

organisms convert simple molecules to more complex molecules without sun’s energy.

Question 22

where does chemosynthesis take place

Answer 22

in places without sun like caves or deep oceans

Question 23

why does limits on energy transfer happen

Answer 23

• energy transformed to different form like animal moving
• energy released as thermal energy from cellular respiration (releasing body heat)
• some converted into other chem energy other then gloucose

Question 24

how much limits on energy tranfer are consumed per level

Answer 24

10% as the levels go on it goes down 10% (take away a 0 on the end per time) `

Question 25

what are the two laws on thermodynamics

Answer 25

First law of thermodynamics: energy not be created / destroyed only transformed from one form to another

Second law of thermodynamics: NO energy transfer is 100% efficient.

energy is converted into an unusable form (mostly thermal energy) which cannot be passed on

Question 26

what do ecological pyramids do

Answer 26

graphs that are used to show
energy flow in food chains / food webs

populations of organisms in a food chain

Question 27

what do Pyramid of Numbers do

Answer 27

A pyramid of numbers can be drawn by counting the number of organisms at each trophic level

Question 28

what is biomass

Answer 28

total dry mass of all the living material in an ecosystem

Question 29

what pryamid best represents population

Answer 29

biomass because its pyrimid shaped and its dry mass after water has been removed

Question 30

what is a pyramid of energy

Answer 30

measures the amount of energy available at each trophic level

Most of the energy lost at each trophic level is lost as heat

(approx 10% passed on each trophic level)

Question 31

where does photosynthis occur

Answer 31

chloroplast

Question 32

how is light reflected and absorbed in plantes

Answer 32

ight absorbing pigments that absorb light energy

All pigments absorb and reflect different wavelengths of light

Question 33

order of photosynthetic pigment

Answer 33

Chlorophyll a (blue-green) is the primary light absorbing pigment.

Chlorophyll b (yellow-green) absorbing photons and things that chlorophyll a does not.

Xanthophyll (yellow)

Carotenoids (orange)

Question 34

Chlorophyll a color

Answer 34

(blue-green)

Question 35

Chlorophyll b color

Answer 35

(yellow-green)

Question 36

Xanthophyll color

Answer 36

(yellow)

Question 37

Carotenoids color

Answer 37

(orange)

Question 38

what do both chlorophyll pigments absorbe

Answer 38

Both chlorophyll pigments absorb blue-violet and red range of the visible light

• reflect green light (that is why they are green!).

Question 39

why are leaves green in summer

Answer 39

more chlorophyll in high temp

once tempature drops the chloeophyll drops and leaves become orange and red

Question 40

what does the stroma do

Answer 40

the protein-rich semiliquid matererial

Question 41

what does the thylakoids do

Answer 41

its directly where in the chloroplast where photosynthis takes place

Question 42

what is the grana

Answer 42

its multiple thylakiods together

Question 43

what is the lamellae

Answer 43

connecting and speads the grana equally

• it also is groups of unstracked thylakoids between grana

Question 44

what is the thylakoid membrane

Answer 44

its like the mitocondria wall and the thylakoid membrane is where most cellular exchange happens / gloucse production

and photosythetic membrane

Question 45

what is the thylakoid lumen

Answer 45

in the middle of the thylakoid