evolution and population change (unit B)

Question 1

what is taxonomy

Answer 1

classifying living things

Question 2

what did carl linnaeus do

Answer 2

beginning to classifying living things by physical and structural features

(more common features are closer in relation)

Question 3

what was the naming system made by carl linnaeus

Answer 3

linnaeus made a naming rule with the two part name first word Genus and species name in lowercase

Question 4

what are advantages of binomial nomenclature

Answer 4

1- a common language for all scientists

2- identifying organisms

3- the genus shows the common group with similar anatomy etc

Question 5

what are advancing classifications the 5 kingdom classifications are

Answer 5

animalia
plantae
fungi
protista
monera

Question 6

what are the subdivisions of the classifications and there order

Answer 6

domain (dear)
kingdom (king)
phylum (phillip)
class (came)
order (over)
family (for)
genus (good)
species (spaghetti)

Question 7

what is a phylogeny

Answer 7

history of the evolution of a group of species is called phylogeny

Question 8

when animals have the same order in zoology what does that symbolize

Answer 8

it shows that they’re closer related

Question 9

what is palaeontology

Answer 9

the fossil record (all layers of fossils on each look the same) can tell how old by the radioactive decay

Question 10

what are the layers of soil

Answer 10

humus
top soil
sub soil
parent material
bedrock

Question 11

what are homologous features

Answer 11

species with
same structure and different function

Question 12

what are analogous features

Answer 12

species with
different structure and same function

Question 13

what are vestigaial features

Answer 13

things that ones had a useful purpose on another species but on new animals it doesnt anymore

Question 14

what is embryology

Answer 14

study id prenatal development

Question 15

what is artifical selection

Answer 15

how selection works with human influence (like making the best eggs so ppl will buy) or cute puppy dogs

Question 16

whats molecular biology

Answer 16

studies the molecular basis of a orgainism

Question 17

what is biochemistry and genetics

Answer 17

studying the chemical process with or between orgainisms like proteins, dna and what they do

Question 18

what did darwin do

Answer 18

he found out all life is from a single source and came up with the theory of natural selection

Question 19

what did the theory of natural selection stand for

Answer 19

• supported survival of the fittest and because more fit animals were living more of those traits will be passed to offspring

Question 20

what did malthus do

Answer 20

he helped darwin find out why all life came from a single source and all species produce far more off springs to survive

Question 21

what did lamarck do and what was his theory

Answer 21

thought acuired traits can be passed on to off spring lieke big muscle mass or personality corispond to offspring

thoguht enviorment plays a role in evolution and get mote complex overtime

observed spontaneous generation and living things coming from non-living

Question 22

difference between dawins theory and lamarcks theory

Answer 22

Lamarck’s theory is based on idea that individuals change during lifetime and pass those changes to their offspring

Darwin’s theory is based on natural selection where individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.

Question 22

how would dna change

Answer 22

from mutations (cancer, uv radiation, chem exposure)

Question 23

what are mutations

Answer 23

random changes to dna in a orgainism from things like copying errors, cancer, uv radiation, chem exposure

Question 24

what are affects of chromosome changes

Answer 24

-a loss or gain in a sequence of dna
-or changes to a letter

Question 25

what does fitness stand for

Answer 25

an orgainisms reproduction sucess theres a higher fitness level when..

• long life
  -most children
• most children surviving

Question 26

what are the 3 effects of mutations

Answer 26

neutral mutation - no change and doesnt affect the orgainism

harmful mutation- reduces orgainsims life

beneficial mutation- enhances orgainisms life

Question 27

what is variation

Answer 27

differences between an orgainism

Question 28

what is asexual reproduction compared to sexual reproduction in terms of variation

Answer 28

aesexual reproduction has no variation because the dna is copied and transfers to offspring

sexual reproduction has variation and different dna because 2 parents and unique traits

Question 29

adaptations meaning

Answer 29

a structure, behavior or physilogical process that helps animals survive and reproduce

Question 30

how are adaptations and varriations different

Answer 30

Variation is the range of differences found within a population

Adaptation is traits that have become common because they help organisms survive and reproduce in environment.

Question 31

what is speciation

Answer 31

making a new species that leads to diversity

Question 32

what does transfermation mean

Answer 32

one species evolves into another species and older species becomes replaced

Question 33

what is divergence

Answer 33

one or more species from parent species that continue to exist

ex humans

Question 34

what are causes of speciation

Answer 34

geographic, (allopatric) by species being seperated so change and evolve

biological barries (sympatic specitation) prevents imbreading

Question 35

what is divergent evolution

Answer 35

where a species evolves into two or more desendents and can produce homologous

Question 36

what is convergent evolution

Answer 36

when different species without same ancestor get and develop same traits

Question 37

what is gradualism

Answer 37

change that happens slowly and steadily and a large change is made by many small changes

Question 38

what is punctuated equilibrium

Answer 38

fast rapid change