evolution and population change (unit B) Flashcards
what is taxonomy
classifying living things
what did carl linnaeus do
beginning to classifying living things by physical and structural features
(more common features are closer in relation)
what was the naming system made by carl linnaeus
linnaeus made a naming rule with the two part name first word Genus and species name in lowercase
what are advantages of binomial nomenclature
1- a common language for all scientists
2- identifying organisms
3- the genus shows the common group with similar anatomy etc
what are advancing classifications the 5 kingdom classifications are
animalia
plantae
fungi
protista
monera
what are the subdivisions of the classifications and there order
domain (dear)
kingdom (king)
phylum (phillip)
class (came)
order (over)
family (for)
genus (good)
species (spaghetti)
what is a phylogeny
history of the evolution of a group of species is called phylogeny
when animals have the same order in zoology what does that symbolize
it shows that they’re closer related
what is palaeontology
the fossil record (all layers of fossils on each look the same) can tell how old by the radioactive decay
what are the layers of soil
humus
top soil
sub soil
parent material
bedrock
what are homologous features
species with
same structure and different function
what are analogous features
species with
different structure and same function
what are vestigaial features
things that ones had a useful purpose on another species but on new animals it doesnt anymore
what is embryology
study id prenatal development
what is artifical selection
how selection works with human influence (like making the best eggs so ppl will buy) or cute puppy dogs
whats molecular biology
studies the molecular basis of a orgainism
what is biochemistry and genetics
studying the chemical process with or between orgainisms like proteins, dna and what they do
what did darwin do
he found out all life is from a single source and came up with the theory of natural selection
what did the theory of natural selection stand for
- supported survival of the fittest and because more fit animals were living more of those traits will be passed to offspring
what did malthus do
he helped darwin find out why all life came from a single source and all species produce far more off springs to survive
what did lamarck do and what was his theory
thought acuired traits can be passed on to off spring lieke big muscle mass or personality corispond to offspring
thoguht enviorment plays a role in evolution and get mote complex overtime
observed spontaneous generation and living things coming from non-living
difference between dawins theory and lamarcks theory
Lamarck’s theory is based on idea that individuals change during lifetime and pass those changes to their offspring
Darwin’s theory is based on natural selection where individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.
how would dna change
from mutations (cancer, uv radiation, chem exposure)
what are mutations
random changes to dna in a orgainism from things like copying errors, cancer, uv radiation, chem exposure
what are affects of chromosome changes
-a loss or gain in a sequence of dna
-or changes to a letter
what does fitness stand for
an orgainisms reproduction sucess theres a higher fitness level when..
- long life
-most children - most children surviving
what are the 3 effects of mutations
neutral mutation - no change and doesnt affect the orgainism
harmful mutation- reduces orgainsims life
beneficial mutation- enhances orgainisms life
what is variation
differences between an orgainism
what is asexual reproduction compared to sexual reproduction in terms of variation
aesexual reproduction has no variation because the dna is copied and transfers to offspring
sexual reproduction has variation and different dna because 2 parents and unique traits
adaptations meaning
a structure, behavior or physilogical process that helps animals survive and reproduce
how are adaptations and varriations different
Variation is the range of differences found within a population
Adaptation is traits that have become common because they help organisms survive and reproduce in environment.
what is speciation
making a new species that leads to diversity
what does transfermation mean
one species evolves into another species and older species becomes replaced
what is divergence
one or more species from parent species that continue to exist
ex humans
what are causes of speciation
geographic, (allopatric) by species being seperated so change and evolve
biological barries (sympatic specitation) prevents imbreading
what is divergent evolution
where a species evolves into two or more desendents and can produce homologous
what is convergent evolution
when different species without same ancestor get and develop same traits
what is gradualism
change that happens slowly and steadily and a large change is made by many small changes
what is punctuated equilibrium
fast rapid change
