The Respiratory System

Question 1

Respiration

Answer 1

Involves both respiratory and circulatory systems

Question 2

4 processes that supply the body with O2 and dispose of CO2

Answer 2

Pulmonary ventilation (breathing)
External respiration
Transport
Internal respiration

Question 3

Pulmonary ventilation (breathing)

Answer 3

movement of air into and out of the lungs

Question 4

External respiration

Answer 4

O2 and CO2 exchange between the lungs and the blood

Question 5

Transport

Answer 5

O2 and CO2 in the blood

Question 6

Internal respiration

Answer 6

O2 and CO2 exchange between systemic blood vessels and tissues

Question 7

Major organs?

Answer 7

Nose, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinuses
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi and their branches
Lungs and alveoli

Question 8

Respiratory zone:

Answer 8

site of gas exchange

Question 9

Microscopic structures

Answer 9

respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli

Question 10

Conducting zone

Answer 10

conduits to gas exchange sites
includes all other respiratory structures

Question 11

Respiratory muscles

Answer 11

diaphragm and other muscles that promote ventilation

Question 12

MALT

Answer 12

Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue
Protects the digestive and respiratory systems from foreign matter

Question 13

MALT (digestive tract)

Answer 13

Peyer’s patches, tonsils, and the appendix

Question 14

MALT (respiratory tract)

Answer 14

Lymphoid nodules in the walls of the bronchi

Question 15

From bronchi through bronchioles, structural
changes occur

Answer 15

• Cartilage rings give way to plates; cartilage is absent from bronchioles
• Epithelium changes from pseudostratified columnar to cuboidal; cilia and goblet cells become sparse
• Relative amount of smooth muscle increases

Question 16

Clusters of alveoli

Answer 16

Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs

Question 17

Respiratory Membrane

Answer 17

Alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes

Question 18

Alveolar walls

Answer 18

Single layer of squamous epithelium surrounded by fine elastic fibers
Hold alveolar macrophages that keep alveolar surfaces sterile

Question 19

Scattered cuboidal cells secrete

Answer 19

surfactant and antimicrobial proteins

Question 20

Intrapulmonary pressure

Answer 20

Pressure inside lung decreases as lung volume increases during inspiration; pressure increases during expiration

Question 21

Intrapleural pressure

Answer 21

Pleural cavity pressure becomes more negative as chest wall expands during inspiration.
Returns to initial value as chest wall recoils

Question 22

Volume of breath

Answer 22

During each breath, the pressure gradients move
0.5 liter of air into and out of the lungs.

Question 23

Pontine respiratory centers

Answer 23

interact with the medullary respiratory centers to smooth the respiratory pattern

Question 24

Ventral respiratory group (VRG)

Answer 24

contains rhythm generators whose output drives respiration.

Question 25

Dorsal respiratory group (DRG)

Answer 25

integrates peripheral sensory input and modifies the rhythms generated by the VRG.