Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biological Systems > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

4 basic tissues

A

Epithelial Tissue
Connective Tissue
Muscle Tissue
Nerve Tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A
  • covers surfaces because cells are in contact
  • lines hollow organs, cavities and ducts
  • forms glands when cells sink under the surface
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Connective Tissue

A
  • material found between cells
  • supports and binds structures together
  • stores energy as fat
  • provides immunity to disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

cells shorten in length producing movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nerve Tissue

A
  • cells that conduct electrical signals
  • detects changes inside and outside the body
  • responds with nerve impulses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Membranes

A

Epithelial layer sitting on a thin layer of connective tissue (lamina propria)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Types of membranes

A
  • mucous membrane (where there is mucous)
  • serous membrane (covers organs, body wall)
  • synovial membrane (joints)
  • cutaneous membrane (skin)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Visceral pleura

A

clings to surface of lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Parietal pleura

A

lines chest wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Visceral pericardium

A

covers heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Parietal pericardium

A

lines pericardial sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Types of Epithelium

A

Covering and lining epithelium
Glandular epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Classification of Epithelium

A

Classified by arrangement of cells into layers
Classified by shape of surface cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

squamous

A

flat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cuboidal

A

cube-shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

columnar

A

tall column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

transitional

A

shape varies with tissue stretching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Simple Squamous Epithelium

A
  • single layer of flat cells
  • lines blood vessels (endothelium), body cavities (mesothelium)
  • very thin, controls diffusion, osmosis and filtration
  • nuclei centrally located
  • cells in direct contact with each other
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

A
  • Single layer of cube-shaped cells viewed from the side
  • Nuclei round and centrally located
  • Lines tubes of kidney
  • Absorption or secretion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Nonciliated Simple Columnar

A
  • Single layer rectangular cells
  • Unicellular glands = goblet cells secrete mucus
  • lubricate GI, respiratory, reproductive and urinary systems
  • Microvilli = fingerlike cytoplasmic projections
    for absorption in GI tract (stomach to anus)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ciliated Simple Columnar Epithelium

A
  • Single layer rectangular cells with cilia
  • Mucus from goblet cells moved along by cilia
  • Found in respiratory system and uterine tubes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

A
  • Several cell layers thick
  • Surface cells flat
  • Keratinized = surface cells dead and filled with keratin
    skin (epidermis)
  • Nonkeratinized = no keratin in moist living cells at surface
  • mouth, vagina
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Glandular Epithelium

A

Derived from epithelial cells that sank below the surface during development

24
Q

Exocrine glands

A

(have ducts)
- cells that secrete—sweat, ear wax, saliva, digestive enzymes onto free surface of epithelial layer
- connected to the surface by tubes (ducts)
- unicellular glands or multicellular glands

25
Q

Endocrine glands

A
  • secrete hormones into the bloodstream
  • hormones help maintain homeostasis
26
Q

Structural Classification of Exocrine Glands

A

Unicellular glands
goblet cells

Multicellular glands
branched (compound) or unbranched (simple)
tubular or acinar (flask-like) shape
Sweat gland duct
Stratified cuboidal epithelium

27
Q

Methods of Glandular Secretion

A

Merocrine
Apocrine
Holocrine

28
Q

Merocrine

A

(most glands)
cells release their products by exocytosis—saliva, digestive enzymes & sweat

29
Q

Apocrine

A

(breast tissue)
- smelly sweat & milk
- upper part of cell possibly pinches off & dies

30
Q

Holocrine

A

(oil gland)
gwhole cells die & rupture to release their products

31
Q

Connective Tissues

A
  • Cells
  • Fibres
  • Matrix
32
Q

Blast type cells

A

retain ability to divide & produce matrix (fibroblasts, chondroblasts, & osteoblasts)

33
Q

Cyte type cells

A

mature cell that can not divide or produce matrix (chondrocytes & osteocytes)

34
Q

Macrophages develop from

A

monocytes

35
Q

Plasma cells develop from

A

B lymphocytes

36
Q

Mast cells produce histamine that

A

dilate small BV

37
Q

Adipocytes

A

(fat cells) store fat

38
Q

Types of Connective Tissue Fibers

A

Collagen (25% of protein in your body)
Elastin (lungs, blood vessels, ear cartilage)
Reticular (spleen and lymph nodes)

39
Q

Determines connective tissue type

A

Ground Substance Matrix

40
Q

Connective Tissue

A

Loose connective tissue
Dense connective tissue
Cartilage
Bone
Blood

41
Q

Adipose Tissue

A
  • Peripheral nuclei due to large fat storage droplet
  • Deeper layer of skin, organ padding, yellow marrow
  • Reduces heat loss, energy storage, protection
  • Brown fat found in infants has more blood vessels and mitochondria and responsible for heat generation
42
Q

Reticular Connective Tissue

A
  • Network of fibers & cells that produce framework of organ
  • Holds organ together (liver, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow)
43
Q

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

A
  • Collagen fibers in parallel bundles with fibroblasts between bundles of collagen fibers
  • White, tough and pliable when unstained (forms tendons)
  • Also known as white fibrous connective tissue
44
Q

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

A
  • Collagen fibers are irregularly arranged (interwoven)
  • Tissue can resist tension from any direction
  • Very tough tissue – white of eyeball, dermis of skin
45
Q

Elastic Connective Tissue

A
  • Branching elastic fibers and fibroblasts
  • Can stretch & still return to original shape
  • Lung tissue, vocal cords, ligament between vertebrae
46
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A
  • Bluish-shiny white rubbery substance
  • Chondrocytes sit in spaces called lacunae
  • No blood vessels or nerves so repair is very slow
  • Reduces friction at joints as articular cartilage
47
Q

Fibrocartilage

A
  • Many more collagen fibers causes rigidity & stiffness
  • Strongest type of cartilage (intervertebral discs)
48
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A
  • Elastic fibers help maintain shape after deformations
  • Ear, nose, vocal cartilages
49
Q

Compact Bone

A
  • Osteon = lamellae (rings) of mineralized matrix
    calcium & phosphate—give it its hardness
    interwoven collagen fibers provide strength
  • Osteocytes in spaces (lacunae) in between lamellae
  • Canaliculi (tiny canals) connect cell to cell
50
Q

Blood

A
  • Connective tissue with a liquid matrix = the plasma
  • Cell types = red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes) and cell fragments called platelets
  • Provide clotting, immune functions, carry O2 and CO2
51
Q

Lymph

A
  • Interstitial fluid being transported in lymphatic vessels
  • Contains less protein than plasma
  • Move cells and substances (lipids) from one part of the body to another
52
Q

Muscle Tissue

A
  • Cells that shorten
  • Provide us with motion, posture and heat
53
Q

Types of muscle

A

skeletal muscle
cardiac muscle
smooth muscle

54
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A
  • Cells are long cylinders with many peripheral nuclei
  • Visible light and dark banding (looks striated)
  • Voluntary or conscious control
55
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A
  • Cells are branched cylinders with one central nuclei
  • Involuntary and striated
  • Attached to and communicate with each other by intercalated discs and desmosomes
56
Q

Smooth Muscle

A
  • Spindle shaped cells with a single central nuclei
  • Walls of hollow organs (blood vessels, GI tract, bladder)
  • Involuntary and nonstriated
57
Q

Nerve Tissue

A
  • Cell types – nerve cells and neuroglial (supporting) cells
  • Nerve cell structure
    nucleus & long cell processes conduct nerve signals
    dendrite — signal travels towards the cell body
    axon —- signal travels away from cell body

Biological Systems (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions