Biodiversity (Animals)

Question 1

Features that define an animal’s body plan

Answer 1

1. number of tissue types in embryos
2. type of body symmetry
3. presence or absence of a fluid-filled cavity
4. way the earliest events of embryo development proceed

Question 2

All animals have tissues except

Answer 2

sponges

Question 3

Diploblasts

Answer 3

Embryos have 2 types of tissues or germ layers

1. Ectoderm
2. Endoderm

Question 4

Triploblasts

Answer 4

Embryos have 3 types of tissues

1. Ectoderm
2. Endoderm
3. Mesoderm

Germ layers develop into distinct adult tissues

Question 5

Cleavage

Answer 5

Rapid cell division following fertilization

Question 6

Blastula

Answer 6

Multicellular, hollow ball of cells formed from the cleavage

Question 7

Gastrulation

Answer 7

Process blastula undergoes which forms a gastrula with different layers of embryonic tissues

Question 8

Examples of diploblasts

Answer 8

Cnidarians and ctenophores

Question 9

Radial symmetry

Answer 9

At least two planes of symmetry

Question 10

Bilateral Symmetry

Answer 10

A single plain of symmetry
Face their environment in one direction

Question 11

Dorsal

Answer 11

top side

Question 12

Ventral

Answer 12

bottom side

Question 13

Anterior

Answer 13

head

Question 14

Posterior

Answer 14

tail

Question 15

Cephalization

Answer 15

development of a head

Question 16

Larva

Answer 16

sexually immature and morphologically distinct from the adult; it eventually undergoes metamorphosis, transforming the animal into an adult

Question 17

A body cavity may be present or absent in a

Answer 17

triploblastic animal

Question 18

Coelomates

Answer 18

• Have a true body cavity
• All are bilaterally symmetric except adult echinoderms
• 3 embryonic tissue layers

Question 19

Bilateria

Answer 19

• Protostomes - mouth formed first
  (arthropods, mollusks, segmented worms)
• Deuterostomes - mouth formed second
  (chordates, echinoderms)

Question 20

Hox genes

Answer 20

Developmental genes that regulate the expression of other genes

Question 21

Closest living relative to animals

Answer 21

Choanoflagellates

Question 22

Cambrian explosion

Answer 22

marks the earliest fossil appearance of many major groups of living things

Question 23

Bilaterians

Answer 23

1. Bilaterally symmetric
2. Complete digestive tract
3. One-way digestive system
4. Most animal phyla belong to the clade Bilateria

Question 24

Eumetazoa

Answer 24

clade of animals with tissues

Question 25

What makes a chordate

Answer 25

1. Notochord - dorsal flexible fluid filled rod usually replaced by bone during development
2. Dorsal hollow nerve chord - basis for nervous system, brain/spine
3. Pharyngeal gill slits - can become gills for oxygen exchange or filter feeding
4. Postanal tail

Question 26

Mammalian categories

Answer 26

• Triploblastic
• Bilateral symmetry
• Coelomate
• Deuterostome
• Chordate
• Tetrapod (four limbs)
• Amniote
• Lactate

Question 27

Mammalian characteristics

Answer 27

• Mammary glands, which produce milk
• Hair (not scales)
• A high metabolic rate, due to endothermy
• A larger brain than other vertebrates of equivalent size
• Differentiated teeth
• Synapsid skull

Question 28

Three extant lineages of mammals

Answer 28

1. monotremes (egg-laying, echidnas, platypus)
2. marsupials (embryo develops with a placenta, opossums, kangaroos, koalas)
3. eutherians (more complex placenta , complete embryonic development within uterus joined by placenta)

Question 29

Primates

Answer 29

• hhands