Evolution

Question 1

Evolution (Darwin)

Answer 1

Gradual change of heritable traits in a population across generations, eventually generating species over time.

Question 2

Modern Evolutionary Synthesis

Answer 2

A change in allele frequency over time.

Question 3

Homology

Answer 3

same structure, different function

Question 4

Analogy

Answer 4

same function, different structure

Question 5

Gregor Mendel

Answer 5

Characteristics pass from parent to offspring in form of discrete packets he called genes

Question 6

Population

Answer 6

Unified and defined by its gene pool

Question 7

Species

Answer 7

Interbreeding groups of populations

Question 8

Gene pool

Answer 8

Total aggregate of genes in a population at one time

Question 9

Allele

Answer 9

Alternative forms of a gene

Question 10

Genotype

Answer 10

Genetic makeup of an individual (allele they carry for traits)

Question 11

Homozygous

Answer 11

Identical alleles for a given trait

Question 12

Heterozygous

Answer 12

Have more than 1 different alleles for a given trait

Question 13

Phenotype

Answer 13

Physical expression of the alleles

Question 14

Natural Selection

Answer 14

1. DNA
2. RNA (read by)
3. Protein
4. Phenotype
5. Changes in anatomy, physiology, and/or behavior
6. Differential reproduction and survival of individuals in a population

Question 15

Microevolution

Answer 15

A change in the frequency of genes and chromosome configurations in a population

Question 16

Mutation

Answer 16

Sudden change in:
- gene
- chromosome
- an entire set of chromosomes

Question 17

Types of Mutations

Answer 17

Down’s syndrome - trisomy 21
Klinefelter’s - XXY
Turners - XO
Cri du Chat- 5p

Changes in chromosome number
Changes in gene location (translocations)

Question 18

Point mutations

Answer 18

Silent - doesn’t affect the gene
Missense - slight alteration
Nonsense - stops protein from being produced

Question 19

Frame shift mutations

Answer 19

Deletions
Insertions

Question 20

Trinucleotide repeats

Answer 20

DNA getting repeated

Question 21

Unfavorable mutations cause genetic disorders

Answer 21

• Sickle cell anemia
• Huntington’s disease
• Cystic Fibrosis
• Tay Sachs

Question 22

Principle of Natural Selection

Answer 22

• Organisms that experience the most reproductive success will produce more offspring than other individuals in the population.
• Descent with modification: natural selection acting on enough traits across a sufficient number of generations can produce a new species

Question 23

Examples of natural selection

Answer 23

• Antibiotic resistance in bacteria
• Sickle cell anemia and resistance to malaria

Question 24

Vestigial structures

Answer 24

An anatomical feature or behavior that no longer seems to have a purpose in the current form of an organism (ex: wisdom teeth)

Question 25

Level of organization

Answer 25

organelle, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystem, and biosphere

Question 26

Spontaneous generation

Answer 26

Living things develop from non-living matter

Question 27

Homologous structures

Answer 27

Similar physical features in organisms that share a common ancestor, but the features serve completely different functions.

Question 28

Darwin’s Theory of Evolution

Answer 28

-individuals of a species are not identical
-traits are passed from generation to generation
-more offspring are born than can survive
-only the survivors of the competition for resources will reproduce

Question 29

Wallace’s Theory of Evolution

Answer 29

Over generations, natural selection of inherited traits could give rise to new species.