Circulatory system

Question 1

What is the circulatory system?

Answer 1

a closed system which carries blood and dissolved substances to and from different places in the body

Question 2

The Heart pumps blood and substances around the body in tubes called

Answer 2

blood vessels

Question 3

Phases of cardiac cycle

Answer 3

Isovolumetric relaxation
Ventricular filling
Ventricular systole (contraction)

Question 4

Morphology

Answer 4

base and apex

Question 5

4 chambers

Answer 5

2 atria, 2 ventricles

Question 6

the right side of the system deals with

Answer 6

deoxygenated blood

Question 7

the left side of the system deals with

Answer 7

oxygenated blood

Question 8

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 8

To and from the Lungs

Question 9

Arteries

Answer 9

always away from heart, deoxygenated
have thick muscle and elastic fibres
the thick muscle can contract to push the blood along.
the elastic fibres allow the artery to stretch under pressure

Question 10

Veins

Answer 10

always towards heart, oxygenated
thin muscle and elastic fibres

Question 11

Three types of blood vessels

Answer 11

Artery
Vein
Capillary

Question 12

veins have valves which act to

Answer 12

stop the blood from going in the wrong direction

Question 13

body muscles surround the veins so that when they contract to move the body, they also

Answer 13

squeeze the veins and push the blood along the vessel

Question 14

Capillary

Answer 14

link Arteries with Veins
the wall of a capillary is only one cell thick

Question 15

The exchange of materials between the blood and the body can only occur through

Answer 15

capillaries

Question 16

Capillary bed

Answer 16

the connection between the arteriole system and the venous systems

Question 17

Smooth muscle controls the

Answer 17

flow

Question 18

What’s in blood?

Answer 18

red blood cells
digested food
white blood cells
waste (urea)
platelets
hormones
plasma
carbon dioxide
oxygen

Question 19

Red Blood Cells

Answer 19

a biconcave disc that is round and flat without a nucleus

Question 20

haemoglobin

Answer 20

a molecule specially designed to hold oxygen and carry it to cells that need it

Question 21

White Blood Cells

Answer 21

there are many different types and all contain a big nucleus.

Question 22

the two main ones are the

Answer 22

lymphocytes and the macrophages

Question 23

macrophages

Answer 23

digest micro-organisms

Question 24

some lymphocytes fight disease by

Answer 24

making antibodies to destroy invaders by dissolving them.
others make antitoxins to break down poisons

Question 25

Platelets

Answer 25

bits of cell broken off larger cells

Question 26

Platelets produce tiny ……. ……..to form a net. This net traps other blood cells to form a ……. ……..

Answer 26

fibrinogen fibres / blood clot

Question 27

Plasma

Answer 27

A straw-coloured liquid that carries the cells and the platelets which help blood clot.

Question 28

It also contains useful things like

Answer 28

carbon dioxide
glucose
amino acids
proteins
minerals
vitamins
hormones
waste materials like urea