Plants - Photosynthesis Flashcards

1
Q

Photosynthesis

A

the process that converts solar energy into chemical energy within chloroplasts

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2
Q

Autotrophs

A

“self-feeders” that sustain themselves without eating anything derived from other organisms

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3
Q

Photoautotrophs

A

use the energy of sunlight to make organic molecules (almost all plants)

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4
Q

Photosynthesis also occurs in

A

algae, certain other protists, and some prokaryotes

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5
Q

Photosynthesis reverses the direction of

A

electron flow compared to respiration

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6
Q

Photosynthesis is a redox process in which

A

H2O is oxidized and CO2 is reduced

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7
Q

Photosynthesis is an ……… process; the energy boost is provided by ……..

A

endergonic / light

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8
Q

What organelle performs photosynthesis?

A

Chloroplasts

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9
Q

A chloroplast has an envelope of two membranes surrounding a dense fluid called the

A

stroma

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10
Q

Thylakoids

A

connected sacs in the chloroplast that compose a third membrane system

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10
Q

Thylakoids

A

connected sacs in the chloroplast that compose a third membrane system

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11
Q

Chlorophyll

A

pigment that gives leaves green color, in the thylakoid membranes

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12
Q

Photosynthesis consists of the ……. …….. and ……. …….

A

light reactions / Calvin cycle

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13
Q

The light reactions (in the thylakoids)

A
  • Reduce the electron acceptor NADP+ to NADPH
  • Generate ATP from ADP by photophosphorylation
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14
Q

The Calvin cycle makes sugar from ….., using the …… and …… generated during the light reactions

A

CO2 / ATP / NADPH

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15
Q

The Calvin cycle begins with ….. ……., incorporating CO2 into organic molecules

A

carbon fixation

16
Q

Chloroplasts split H2O into hydrogen and oxygen, incorporating the

A

electrons of hydrogen into sugar molecules and releasing O2 as a by-product

17
Q

Light reactions

A
  • Are carried out by molecules in the thylakoid membranes
  • Convert light energy to thechemical energy of ATP and NADPH
  • Split H2O and release O2 to the atmosphere
18
Q

Calvin cycle reactions

A
  • Take place in the stroma
  • Use ATP and NADPH to convertCO2 to the sugar G3P
  • Return ADP, inorganic phosphate,and NADP+ to the light reactions
19
Q

Spectrophotometer

A

measures a pigment’s ability to absorb various wavelengths

20
Q

Absorption spectrum

A

a graph plotting a pigment’s light absorption versus wavelength

21
Q

Chlorophyll a

A

the key light-capturing pigment that participates directly in light reactions

22
Q

Chlorophyll b

A

an accessory pigment

23
Q

The absorption spectrum of chlorophyll a indicates that ………. and …….. light will work best for photosynthesis, while ……. is the least effective

A

violet-blue / red / green

23
Q

The absorption spectrum of chlorophyll a indicates that ………. and …….. light will work best for photosynthesis, while ……. is the least effective

A

violet-blue / red / green

24
Q

Action spectrum

A

a profile of the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths, confirms the effectiveness of violet-blue and red light

25
Q

Carotenoids

A

accessory pigments that are yellow or orange because they absorb violet and blue-green light