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Anatomy and Physiology > The Reproductive System > Flashcards

The Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the reproductive system?

A

Production of androgens (sex hormones), production, storage and nourishment of gametes and introduction of male gametes into female reproductive tract

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2
Q

What are the main components of the male reproductive system?

A

Testes, scrotum, ducts, glands and penis

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3
Q

What ducts are involved in the male reproductive system?

A

Epididiymal duct, vas deferens and urethra

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4
Q

What glands are involved in the male reproductive system?

A

Seminal vesicles, prostate and bulbourethral

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5
Q

Which division process produces gametes?

A

Meiosis

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6
Q

What is spermiogenesis?

A

The development of spermatids into mature spermatozoa

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7
Q

What is contained in the acrosome in the sperm head?

A

Enzymes that break down the walls of the unfertilised egg

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8
Q

What are sertoli cells required for?

A

The maturation of a spermatozoa

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9
Q

Sertoli cells secrete testicular fluid. What is in testicular fluid?

A

Inhibin, androgen-binding proteina and mullerian-inhibiting substance

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10
Q

What is the effect of a high sperm count on the release of inhibin?

A

Inhibin increases

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11
Q

How many mL per ejaculation (male)?

A

2-5mL

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12
Q

What happens in the epididymis?

A

It is the site of storage and maturation of spermatozoa

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13
Q

What is the vas deferens?

A

It is the duct for transport of sperm

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14
Q

What are the main internal genitalia of the female reproductive system?

A

Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina

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15
Q

What are the main external genital of the female reproductive system?

A

Mons pubis, labia and clitoris

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16
Q

What is oogenesis?

A

The production or development of an ovum

17
Q

How many eggs on average will a woman release in a lifetime?

A

300

18
Q

The fallopian tube has 4 parts what are they?

A

Infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus and intramural segment

19
Q

At the end of the fallopian tubes there are ciliated….. what do they do?

A

Fimbriae move to produce currents and peristalsis

20
Q

What are the functions of the fallopian tubes?

A

Convey the oocyte from peritoneal cavity to the uterus and is the site of fertilisation (usually ampulla)

21
Q

The uterus is made up of 3 parts, what are they?

A

Fundus, body and cervix

22
Q

Uterus has 3 membranes, what are they?

A

Perimetrium (covers peritoneum), myometrium (smooth muscle layer) and endometrium (mucous membrane)

23
Q

The endometrium has two zones, the functional zone and the basal zone. Which zone is shed monthly?

A

The functional zone

24
Q

On which day of the menstrual cycle is the egg usually released?

A

Day 14

25
Q

The mammary glands consist of…

A

Adipose tissue, glandular tissue and fibrous tissue

26
Q

Which tissue in the mammary glands produce milk?

A

Glandular tissue – this tissue increases during pregnancy to prepare for lactation

27
Q

Where is prolactin released and what does it do?

A

Released in the anterior pituitary and it stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk

28
Q

What do acini cells in the mammary glands do?

A

Synthesise milk proteins and lipids

29
Q

Where is oxytocin released from and what does it do?

A

It is released from the posterior pituitary and it stimulates contractions in the uterus and stimulates ejection by mammary gland.

30
Q

What is the role of FSH?

A

Growth and development of follicles, causes release of oestrogen and inhibin by ovaries

31
Q

What does a high concentration of LH do?

A

Increases collagenase activity and increases prostaglandin levels. Prostaglandins cause ovarian walls to contract to extrude the oocyte.

32
Q

What is the main role of LH?

A

Causes ovulation and forms corpus luteum

33
Q

What is the role of progesterone and where is it released from?

A

Released from the corpus luteum in the ovary and prepares body for pregnancy. Causes lining of womb to thicken

34
Q

How does the combined pill work?

A

Contains progestin which mimics progesterone and contains oestrogen. It inhibits GnRH which inhibits LH therefore no ovulation

35
Q

What happens during the menopause?

A

There is a decrease in oestrogen therefore ovulation ceases and no more menstruation

36
Q

Vaginal fluid has an acidic pH of 4.3, what happens to the pH when sperm enters the vagina?

A

The pH rises to 7.2 in 10 seconds and acts as a buffer

37
Q

What is the name of a fertilised egg?

A

Zygote

38
Q

How many days after fertilisation does the embryo attach to the lining of the endometrium?

A

8 days

39
Q

What percentage of fertilised eggs do not develop to maturity?

A

50%

Anatomy and Physiology (21 decks)

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