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Anatomy and Physiology > Digestive system > Flashcards

Digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the digestive system?

A

Prepares food for cellular consumption to provide energy and build new tissue.

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2
Q

What structures are involved in the digestive system?

A

Digestive tract and accessory organs (salivary glands, liver and pancreas)

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3
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

A double layered serous membrane that covers the abdominal and pelvic cavities

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4
Q

What does the parietal peritoneum line?

A

The body wall

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5
Q

What does the visceral peritoneum do?

A

Covers the organs

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6
Q

What are the 4 basic layers of the gastrointestinal tract?

A

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa and serosa/adventia

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7
Q

Blood from the stomach, pancreas, small and large intestine drains to the liver via…

A

The hepatic portal system

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8
Q

In the digestive system what part of the nervous system controls the short reflexes responsible for local peristalsis and glandular secretions?

A

Enteric nervous system

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9
Q

Where are the most postganglionic neurones located?

A

Enteric nervous system

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10
Q

What are the 3 main hormones involved in digestion?

A

Gastrin, secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK)

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11
Q

Churning in digestion breaks down the bolus. Where does churning occur?

A

In the stomach and the large intestine

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12
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

Waves of muscular contractions that move the bolus

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13
Q

Proteins are broken down by protease into…

A

Amino acids

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14
Q

Salivary amylase…

A

Initiates carbohydrate digestion

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15
Q

Where are parietal cells found and what do they produce?

A

Found in the stomach. They secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor

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16
Q

Where are chief cells found and what do they secrete?

A

Found in the stomach. They secrete pepsinogen

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17
Q

Enteroendocrine cells in the stomach secrete…

A

Gastrin

18
Q

What activates the conversion of pepsinogen to pepsin?

A

HCl

19
Q

What is the role of gastrin?

A

Stimulates the secretion of pepsinogen and HCl and stimulates contractions of gastric wall.

20
Q

What is the role of intrinsic factors?

A

Aids in the absorption of vitamin B12

21
Q

The pancreatic duct opens into the…

A

Duodenum at the sphincter of oddi

22
Q

Where are acini cells found?

A

The pancreas

23
Q

What enzymes do acini cells secrete?

A

Propeptidases, amylase, lipase, ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease

24
Q

Duct cells in the pancreas secrete…

A

Water and sodium bicarbonate

25
Q

Alpha cells in the pancreas secrete…

A

Glucagon

26
Q

Beta cells in the pancreas secrete…

A

Insulin

27
Q

What is the function of the liver relative digestion?

A

Bile production

28
Q

Role of the gall bladder

A

Stores and concentrates bile

29
Q

During chemical digestion presence of fat and protein leads to the secretion of which hormones?

A

CCK and secretin

30
Q

What effect does CCK have on the gall bladder?

A

Causes it to release bile

31
Q

What effect does CCK have on the sphincter of oddi?

A

It causes it to relax

32
Q

What effect does CCK have on the stomach?

A

It decreases gastric motility and secretion

33
Q

CCK acts on which cells in the pancreas?

A

Acini cells

34
Q

What effect does secretin have on the liver?

A

Causes it to release bile

35
Q

What effect does secretin have on the stomach?

A

It decreases gastric motility and secretion

36
Q

Secretin acts on which cells in the pancreas?

A

Pancreatic duct cells to release water and sodium bicarbonate

37
Q

Which enzyme causes the conversion of trypsinogen to trypsin?

A

Enterokinase

38
Q

Maltase converts maltose into…

A

Glucose and glucose

39
Q

Lactase converts lactose into …

A

Glucose and galactose

40
Q

Sucrose converts sucrose into…

A

Glucose and fructose

41
Q

What do goblet cells produce?

A

Mucus

42
Q

Bacterial flora in the digestive system synthesis which 2 vitamins?

A

B and K

Anatomy and Physiology (21 decks)

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