Renal System

Question 1

What are the 4 main components of the urinary system?

Answer 1

Kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra

Question 2

What is the role of the ureter?

Answer 2

Carries urine from the kidney to the bladder

Question 3

What is the role of the urethra?

Answer 3

Passes urine from the bladder to the exterior (toilet)

Question 4

Which vitamin does the kidney activate?

Answer 4

Vitamin D

Question 5

In the nephron during tubular reabsorption, what happens?

Answer 5

Useful solutes are removed from the filtrate and returned to the blood

Question 6

In the nephron during tubular secretion, what happens?

Answer 6

More waste products from the blood are added to the filtrate to be excreted

Question 7

What is the main function of the proximal convoluted tubule?

Answer 7

Reabsorption of chemicals (sodium, glucose and amino acids by active transport) and water by osmosis

Question 8

What does the hormone aldosterone do? Where is it produced?

Answer 8

Produced by the adrenal glands in the kidneys to stimulate the reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct to increase blood volume

Question 9

What does the hormone ANP do?

Answer 9

Increases sodium excretion to decrease blood volume

Question 10

What does ADH do?

Answer 10

Increases water reabsorption in principal cells in the collecting duct. Used to control blood pressure

Question 11

What does angiotensin II do?

Answer 11

Causes the release of ADH and aldosterone

Question 12

Acidosis is when…

Answer 12

The pH is below 7.35

Question 13

Alkalosis is when…

Answer 13

The pH is above 7.45

Question 14

Acidosis leads to…

Answer 14

Depression of CNS and coma

Question 15

Alkalosis leads to…

Answer 15

Convulsions and respiratory spasms

Question 16

Changes in pH affect which biological agents?

Answer 16

Enzymes

Question 17

Which enzyme is produced in the kidney that is important in controlling total body fluid?

Answer 17

Renin

Question 18

Which hormone, produced in the kidney, is responsible for the production of RBC’s?

Answer 18

Erythropoeitin

Question 19

Approximately what how many people will suffer from chronic kidney disease?

Answer 19

1 in 10

Question 20

Approximately how many people die from kidney disease every year?

Answer 20

13,000

Question 21

What is the largest cause of renal failure?

Answer 21

Diabetes

Question 22

Symptoms of chronic renal failure

Answer 22

High BP, anaemia, hyperkalaemia, itching, uremic toxins, metastatic calcification, sodium and water retention, metabolic acidosis and a sallow complexion